Fig. 13.1 Various parts and their ability to degrade the heavy metals
Table 13.2 Different mechanisms of phytoremediation
Mechanism
Media
Contaminants
Plants
Phytostabilization
Soil, sediment,
sludges
As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hs,
Pb, Zn
Indian mustard,
hybrid poplars
grasses
Phytoextraction
Soil, sediment,
sludges
Metals: Ag, Cd, Co,
Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo,
Ni, Pb, Zn; Radionuclide:
90Sr, 137Cs, 239Pu,
238,234 U
Indian mustard,
pennycress,
alyssum
sunflowers,
hybrid poplars
Rhizo-filtration
Groundwater,
surface water
Metals, radio nuclides
Sunflowers, Indian
mustard,
water hyacinth
Phytovolatilization Soil,
sediment,
sludges,
groundwater
Chlorinated solvents,
some inorganic (Se, Hg, and As)
Poplars, alfalfa
black locust,
Indian mustard
286
P. Kumar et al.