hydrocarbons from the environment. The various applications of CNMs
associated with removing of hydrocarbon in the environment such as in adsorption technology, in analytic chemistry, and in photocatalysis process have been
discussed in the present chapter.
Keywords
Environment · Pollution · Hydrocarbon · Polyaromatic hydrocarbon · Carbonbased nanomaterial
Abbreviations
BTEX
Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene
CNFs
Carbon nanofibers
CNMs
Carbon-based nanomaterials
CVD
Chemical vapor deposition
GCMS
Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy
GN
Graphene
GO
Graphene oxide
GONPs
Graphene oxide nanoparticles
HCNTs
Hybrid carbon nanotubes
HPLC
High performance liquid chromatography
LOD
Limit of detection
LOQ
Limit of quantification
MARG
Magnetic annealing-reduced graphene
MCRG
Magnetic chemically reduced graphene
MGO
Magnetic graphene oxide
MSPE
Magnetic solid-phase extraction
MWCNTs Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NTE
Needle type extraction
PAHs
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
POPs
Persistent organic pollutants
RGO
Reduced graphene oxide
RSD
Relative standard deviation
SPE
Solid-phase extraction
SPME
Solid-phase microextraction
SWCNTs
Single-walled carbon nanotubes
USEPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
WHO
World Health Organization
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A. Singh et al.