1.2.4 Solid Waste Pollution
Waste generation in a broader sense is understood as any household, industrial and
agricultural materials that have been used up. Since such waste accumulates in the
territories managed by municipalities responsible for its removal and storage which
is a major contributor to increasing municipal solid waste, infrastructure development that meets the needs of the people and protects the environment is fundamental
to achieving effective economic growth. Rapid population growth in India has led to
depletion of natural resources. The transition from wastes to resources can only be
achieved through investment in SWM as this depends on a coordinated set of actions
to develop markets and maximize recovery of reusable/recyclable materials.
1.3
Impact of Pollution on Ecosystem and Its Treatment/
Remediations
The following sections explain in detail the toxicology of different types of
pollutions. Their impact, causes and their treatment have been discussed in detail.
1.3.1 Toxicology of Air Pollution and Its Treatment
The air pollution effects on existing organisms will only be inadequate to the human
beings and animal but also includes the whole environment. Ecologically, air
pollutants can severely damage the air, soil and groundwater (Mellouki et al.
2016). Various studies on the link between air pollution and species diversity
evidently show the deleterious effects of environmental pollutants on the extinction
of flora and fauna (Camargo and Alonso 2006). Air poised may also affect
reproductivity in animals (Veras et al. 2010). It may be noted that climate change
because of greenhouse gas emissions as well as acid rains and inversion of temperature are some of the main impacts of air pollution on ecology (Schneider 1989).
1.3.1.1 Impact of Air Pollution
Particle pollutants constitute the major parts of air pollutants. These are mostly
related with respiratory and cardiovascular-associated diseases and mortality
(Sadeghi et al. 2015; Sahu et al. 2014). Their size mostly ranges from 2.5 to
10μm. Besides, many scientific studies have confirmed that the fine particle
pollutants can cause early demise in individuals with cardiac or pulmonary disease
such as nonfatal heart attacks, cardiac dysrhythmias and declined lungs function.
Coughing, constraint activities due to lung problems are the most common clinical
sign of pulmonary disease due to air pollution (Bentayeb et al. 2013; Gao et al.
2014).
O 3 is the major constituent of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is released by
chemical reaction of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds or due to anthropogenic activities with increased risk of lung diseases, chiefly asthma (Gorai et al.
8
S. Negi et al.
Waste generation in a broader sense is understood as any household, industrial and
agricultural materials that have been used up. Since such waste accumulates in the
territories managed by municipalities responsible for its removal and storage which
is a major contributor to increasing municipal solid waste, infrastructure development that meets the needs of the people and protects the environment is fundamental
to achieving effective economic growth. Rapid population growth in India has led to
depletion of natural resources. The transition from wastes to resources can only be
achieved through investment in SWM as this depends on a coordinated set of actions
to develop markets and maximize recovery of reusable/recyclable materials.
1.3
Impact of Pollution on Ecosystem and Its Treatment/
Remediations
The following sections explain in detail the toxicology of different types of
pollutions. Their impact, causes and their treatment have been discussed in detail.
1.3.1 Toxicology of Air Pollution and Its Treatment
The air pollution effects on existing organisms will only be inadequate to the human
beings and animal but also includes the whole environment. Ecologically, air
pollutants can severely damage the air, soil and groundwater (Mellouki et al.
2016). Various studies on the link between air pollution and species diversity
evidently show the deleterious effects of environmental pollutants on the extinction
of flora and fauna (Camargo and Alonso 2006). Air poised may also affect
reproductivity in animals (Veras et al. 2010). It may be noted that climate change
because of greenhouse gas emissions as well as acid rains and inversion of temperature are some of the main impacts of air pollution on ecology (Schneider 1989).
1.3.1.1 Impact of Air Pollution
Particle pollutants constitute the major parts of air pollutants. These are mostly
related with respiratory and cardiovascular-associated diseases and mortality
(Sadeghi et al. 2015; Sahu et al. 2014). Their size mostly ranges from 2.5 to
10μm. Besides, many scientific studies have confirmed that the fine particle
pollutants can cause early demise in individuals with cardiac or pulmonary disease
such as nonfatal heart attacks, cardiac dysrhythmias and declined lungs function.
Coughing, constraint activities due to lung problems are the most common clinical
sign of pulmonary disease due to air pollution (Bentayeb et al. 2013; Gao et al.
2014).
O 3 is the major constituent of the atmosphere. Ground-level ozone is released by
chemical reaction of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds or due to anthropogenic activities with increased risk of lung diseases, chiefly asthma (Gorai et al.
8
S. Negi et al.