2012) like disposing, incineration, landfills and some chemical processes such as
pyrolysis to gain energy advantage from the waste have been discussed in detail.
Note that the purpose of discussing such techniques is to generate awareness among
people to use such techniques locally if possible and motivate innovators to develop
such techniques which are inexpensive and easy to conduct to minimize solid waste.
It may be noted that all the different types of pollutions as discussed above are
interrelated with each other and each type affects the ecosystem altogether. For
example, excess air pollution is responsible for acid rain which affects the water as
well as soil by disturbing its pH and contaminating it with carcinogenic and toxic
pollutants. Excess use of harmful fertilizers and pesticides not only deplete the
nutritional value of soil but also destroys its ability to grow healthy organic food
for decades if not centuries. Seepage of water from dumps (Naveen et al. 2018) not
only contaminates the underground water but also poisons the land on which these
dumps are situated. In this chapter, the impact of contaminated soil on ecosystem has
been discussed in detail along with some remedies to minimize the effect of soil
pollution.
1.2
Pollution: Types and Causes
Increase in population and money-making increase to rapid change in our ecosystem
which is considered necessary to be enhanced by protection and sustainable use, so
that they can fortify all aspects of human life. With the period of time human have
changed natural ecosystem more rapidly and extensively this transformation has
changed and contribute a lot in human well-being and economic development. But
not all have been benefited with these contributions. Although goods and services
used rapidly from environment and these dependencies make people more complex
toward resources used which has adverse impact on global climate change. However, the natural environment should be preserved for the future.
1.2.1 Air Pollution
The substances accumulate in the atmosphere contribute to air pollution which
further expose to increase in passable concentrations and expose to human health
or produce other deliberate effects on living matter and other materials (Millennium
Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Major sources of pollution are generated from power
and heat generated industries, burning of solid wastes, industrial processes especially
from transportation (Adetunde and Glover 2010; Baig et al. 2009). The main types of
pollutants are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulates, sulfur
dioxide, and photochemical oxidants. Tables 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 shows the major
sources of different types of air pollutants and their effect of health and ecosystem
along with an approximate duration of such pollutants in atmosphere.
4
S. Negi et al.
pyrolysis to gain energy advantage from the waste have been discussed in detail.
Note that the purpose of discussing such techniques is to generate awareness among
people to use such techniques locally if possible and motivate innovators to develop
such techniques which are inexpensive and easy to conduct to minimize solid waste.
It may be noted that all the different types of pollutions as discussed above are
interrelated with each other and each type affects the ecosystem altogether. For
example, excess air pollution is responsible for acid rain which affects the water as
well as soil by disturbing its pH and contaminating it with carcinogenic and toxic
pollutants. Excess use of harmful fertilizers and pesticides not only deplete the
nutritional value of soil but also destroys its ability to grow healthy organic food
for decades if not centuries. Seepage of water from dumps (Naveen et al. 2018) not
only contaminates the underground water but also poisons the land on which these
dumps are situated. In this chapter, the impact of contaminated soil on ecosystem has
been discussed in detail along with some remedies to minimize the effect of soil
pollution.
1.2
Pollution: Types and Causes
Increase in population and money-making increase to rapid change in our ecosystem
which is considered necessary to be enhanced by protection and sustainable use, so
that they can fortify all aspects of human life. With the period of time human have
changed natural ecosystem more rapidly and extensively this transformation has
changed and contribute a lot in human well-being and economic development. But
not all have been benefited with these contributions. Although goods and services
used rapidly from environment and these dependencies make people more complex
toward resources used which has adverse impact on global climate change. However, the natural environment should be preserved for the future.
1.2.1 Air Pollution
The substances accumulate in the atmosphere contribute to air pollution which
further expose to increase in passable concentrations and expose to human health
or produce other deliberate effects on living matter and other materials (Millennium
Ecosystem Assessment 2005). Major sources of pollution are generated from power
and heat generated industries, burning of solid wastes, industrial processes especially
from transportation (Adetunde and Glover 2010; Baig et al. 2009). The main types of
pollutants are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulates, sulfur
dioxide, and photochemical oxidants. Tables 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 shows the major
sources of different types of air pollutants and their effect of health and ecosystem
along with an approximate duration of such pollutants in atmosphere.
4
S. Negi et al.