24
M. B. Shiflett et al.
References
1. Walden P (1914) Ueber die Molekulargrösse und elektrische Leitfähigkeit einiger
geschmolzener Salze. Bull Imp Acad Sci St.-Pétersbourg 8:405–422
2. Vaubel W (1903) Lehrbuch der theoretischen Chemie. Erster Band. Materie und Energie
– Molekül und Lösung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-64250729-8
3. Laus G, Bentivoglio G, Schottenberger H, Kahlenberg V, Kopacka H, Röder T, Sixta H
(2005) Ionic liquids: current developments, potential and drawbacks for industrial applications. Lenzinger Berichte 84:71–85. https://www.lenzing.com/fileadmin/content/PDF/03_
Forschung_u_Entwicklung/Ausgabe_84_2005.pdf. Accessed on 2019-06-12
4. Freemantle M (2010) An introduction to ionic liquids. RSC Publishing, Cambridge
5. Pernak J, Rzemieniecki T, Materna K (2016) Ionic liquids “in a nutshell” (history, properties
and development). Chemik 70:471–480
6. Nambu N, Hiraoka N, Shigemura K, Hamanaka S, Ogawa M (1976) A study of the 1,3,5trialkylbenzenes with aluminum chloride-hydrogen chloride systems. Bull Chem Soc Jpn
49:3637–3640. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.49.3637
7. Schall C (1908) Über organische und geschmolzene Salze (Eine Leitfähigkeitsstudie). Z
Elektrochem 14:397–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19080143002
8. Ramsay W (1876) On picoline and its derivatives. Phil Mag 2(5th series):269–281. https://
doi.org/10.1080/14786447608639105
9. MacFarlane D, Kar M, Pringle JM (2017) Fundamentals of ionic liquids: from chemistry to
applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527340033
10. Walden P (1950) Aus den Erinnerungen eines alten chemischen Zeitgenossen. Naturwiss
37(4):73–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00631950; Walden P (1951) Notes from the life of a
chemist. J Chem Educ 28:160–163. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed028p160
11. Morachevskii AG (2003) Academician Pavel Ivanovich Walden (on 140th anniversary of his
birthday). Russ J Appl Chem 76:1186–1190. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026399420965
12. Everts S (2013) Latvia celebrates Paul Walden. Chem Eng News 91(29):28–29. https://doi.
org/10.1021/cen-09129-scitech
13. Walden P (1896) Ueber die gegenseitige Umwandlung optischer Antipoden. Ber Dt Chem
Ges 29(1):133–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18960290127
14. Stradi¸ nš J (2011) Pauls Valdens – latviešu n¯ acijas pazaud¯ etais un ¸
K¯ ımijas gad¯ a jaunatrastais
d¯ els, Latvijas Zin¯ at¸ nu akad¯ emija (Latvian Academy of Sciences), Zin¯ atnes V¯ estnesis - 2011.g.
26.septembris, 11(422)
15. University of Rostock. http://purl.uni-rostock.de/cpr/00002667. “Paul Walden” in Catalogus
Professorum Rostochiensium. Accessed on 2019-01-16
16. Maier H (2015) Chemiker im “Dritten Reich”. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.
1002/9783527694631
17. Lockemann G (1953) Paul von Walden, dem Nestor der Chemie, zum 90. Geburtstage am 26.
Juli 1953, Naturwiss 40(14):373–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00589294
18. Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen. http://www.oc2.chemie.unituebingen.de/history/paul_walden/paul_walden.htm. Accessed on 2019-01-16
19. The Riga Tourism Development Bureau Foundation. https://www.liveriga.com/en/3370denkmal-fur-paul-walden. Accessed on 2019-01-16
20. Emel’yanenko VN, Boeck G, Verevkin SP, Ludwig R (2014) Volatile times for the
very first ionic liquid: understanding the vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization
of ethylammonium nitrate. Chem Eur J 20:11640–11645. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.
201403508
21. Barrer RM (1943) The viscosity of pure liquids. II. Polymerized ionic melts, Trans Faraday
Soc 39:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9433900059
22. Wilkes JS (2002) A short history of ionic liquids—from molten salts to neoteric solvents.
Green Chem 4:73–80. https://doi.org/10.1039/b110838g
M. B. Shiflett et al.
References
1. Walden P (1914) Ueber die Molekulargrösse und elektrische Leitfähigkeit einiger
geschmolzener Salze. Bull Imp Acad Sci St.-Pétersbourg 8:405–422
2. Vaubel W (1903) Lehrbuch der theoretischen Chemie. Erster Band. Materie und Energie
– Molekül und Lösung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-64250729-8
3. Laus G, Bentivoglio G, Schottenberger H, Kahlenberg V, Kopacka H, Röder T, Sixta H
(2005) Ionic liquids: current developments, potential and drawbacks for industrial applications. Lenzinger Berichte 84:71–85. https://www.lenzing.com/fileadmin/content/PDF/03_
Forschung_u_Entwicklung/Ausgabe_84_2005.pdf. Accessed on 2019-06-12
4. Freemantle M (2010) An introduction to ionic liquids. RSC Publishing, Cambridge
5. Pernak J, Rzemieniecki T, Materna K (2016) Ionic liquids “in a nutshell” (history, properties
and development). Chemik 70:471–480
6. Nambu N, Hiraoka N, Shigemura K, Hamanaka S, Ogawa M (1976) A study of the 1,3,5trialkylbenzenes with aluminum chloride-hydrogen chloride systems. Bull Chem Soc Jpn
49:3637–3640. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.49.3637
7. Schall C (1908) Über organische und geschmolzene Salze (Eine Leitfähigkeitsstudie). Z
Elektrochem 14:397–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19080143002
8. Ramsay W (1876) On picoline and its derivatives. Phil Mag 2(5th series):269–281. https://
doi.org/10.1080/14786447608639105
9. MacFarlane D, Kar M, Pringle JM (2017) Fundamentals of ionic liquids: from chemistry to
applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527340033
10. Walden P (1950) Aus den Erinnerungen eines alten chemischen Zeitgenossen. Naturwiss
37(4):73–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00631950; Walden P (1951) Notes from the life of a
chemist. J Chem Educ 28:160–163. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed028p160
11. Morachevskii AG (2003) Academician Pavel Ivanovich Walden (on 140th anniversary of his
birthday). Russ J Appl Chem 76:1186–1190. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026399420965
12. Everts S (2013) Latvia celebrates Paul Walden. Chem Eng News 91(29):28–29. https://doi.
org/10.1021/cen-09129-scitech
13. Walden P (1896) Ueber die gegenseitige Umwandlung optischer Antipoden. Ber Dt Chem
Ges 29(1):133–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18960290127
14. Stradi¸ nš J (2011) Pauls Valdens – latviešu n¯ acijas pazaud¯ etais un ¸
K¯ ımijas gad¯ a jaunatrastais
d¯ els, Latvijas Zin¯ at¸ nu akad¯ emija (Latvian Academy of Sciences), Zin¯ atnes V¯ estnesis - 2011.g.
26.septembris, 11(422)
15. University of Rostock. http://purl.uni-rostock.de/cpr/00002667. “Paul Walden” in Catalogus
Professorum Rostochiensium. Accessed on 2019-01-16
16. Maier H (2015) Chemiker im “Dritten Reich”. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.
1002/9783527694631
17. Lockemann G (1953) Paul von Walden, dem Nestor der Chemie, zum 90. Geburtstage am 26.
Juli 1953, Naturwiss 40(14):373–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00589294
18. Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen. http://www.oc2.chemie.unituebingen.de/history/paul_walden/paul_walden.htm. Accessed on 2019-01-16
19. The Riga Tourism Development Bureau Foundation. https://www.liveriga.com/en/3370denkmal-fur-paul-walden. Accessed on 2019-01-16
20. Emel’yanenko VN, Boeck G, Verevkin SP, Ludwig R (2014) Volatile times for the
very first ionic liquid: understanding the vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization
of ethylammonium nitrate. Chem Eur J 20:11640–11645. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.
201403508
21. Barrer RM (1943) The viscosity of pure liquids. II. Polymerized ionic melts, Trans Faraday
Soc 39:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1039/TF9433900059
22. Wilkes JS (2002) A short history of ionic liquids—from molten salts to neoteric solvents.
Green Chem 4:73–80. https://doi.org/10.1039/b110838g