Subject Index
287
Ionic liquid, 4–12, 14–23, 34–46, 49, 50,
52, 55, 56, 58, 60–65, 69, 75–77,
80, 87–92, 94–97, 99, 100, 102, 103,
107, 108, 110, 112, 113, 117, 118,
131, 132, 135, 136, 139, 140, 146,
147, 154, 167, 168, 171–173, 175–
185, 191–195, 197–207, 211, 227,
228, 230, 231, 237, 243, 261–266,
268–279
Ionic liquid columns, 131, 133, 141, 144–
146, 152, 153, 156
Ionic liquid cost, 8, 87, 89, 102–104, 107,
108, 192, 193, 227
Ionic liquid dehydration, 110
Ionic liquid generations, 6
Ionic liquid industrialization, 7, 14, 16, 21,
22, 45, 195, 204, 261, 266, 269
Ionic Liquid–Liquid Chromatography
(ILLC), 8, 172, 173, 175–178,
180–184
Ionic liquid market growth, 262
Ionic liquid processes, 110
Ionic liquid products, 8, 9, 23, 191, 266
Ionic liquids database, 13, 15
IonoSolv, 8, 87, 89, 97–101, 103, 105, 107–
109, 111–114, 117
ISOALKY™ Catalyst, 38, 39, 42–44, 46
ISOALKY™ Technology, 35–37, 39–41,
43–46
IUPAC project, 12–15
J
J-type centrifuge, 170, 172, 175
L
Laboratory Demonstration Pilot Unit
(LDPU), 69, 76, 77
Lentinan, 182, 184
Life-cycle analysis, 277
Life-cycle costing, 193
Lignin, 8, 71, 88–92, 94–97, 99, 100, 102,
105–111, 113, 243, 249, 251, 271
Lignocellulose, 87, 88, 90, 214, 221, 222
Liquid Chromatography (LC), 142, 149, 167
Liquid–Liquid Chromatography (LLC), 74,
167, 168, 172, 183, 184
Liquid–liquid extractions, 167
Lubricant, 21, 268
Lyocell process, 91, 213, 228, 230, 240, 251
M
Major chemical companies, 21
Manufacturing, 7, 34, 71, 72, 74, 75, 80, 104,
149, 206, 211–215, 222, 230, 246
Metathesis, 93, 198
Microfiber, 74, 212, 214, 215, 217, 241–244,
247
Microreaction technology, 197
Microwave heating, 77
Molten salts, 5, 6, 16, 17, 132, 247, 261, 263
Multidimensional GC, 145, 147
N
Nanoparticles, 20, 220, 221, 262–265
Natural composites, 211
New opportunities with LPG from fracking,
46
O
One-step process, 246–248
Operating fluid, 11, 268
P
Patent applications and global revenue, 264
Performance additive, 262, 266
Performance advantages, 35, 39
Physicochemical properties, 134, 135, 147,
173, 183, 277
Polarity, 131, 132, 134–136, 138–142, 145–
148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 175,
271
Polychlorinated biphenyls, 149
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 150, 151
Pretreatment, 8, 87–89, 92, 94–103, 105–
114, 116–118, 154, 251, 270
Process chemical, 197, 268
Process development, 45, 79, 108, 109, 115,
118
Product development, 70, 77
Product treating, 35, 37, 43
Protic ionic liquids, 87, 92, 101, 102, 271,
278
Prototyping, 72
Purification, 93, 182, 184, 192, 194, 195,
198, 202–204, 206, 222, 244, 268,
271
Q
Quaternization of amines, 195
287
Ionic liquid, 4–12, 14–23, 34–46, 49, 50,
52, 55, 56, 58, 60–65, 69, 75–77,
80, 87–92, 94–97, 99, 100, 102, 103,
107, 108, 110, 112, 113, 117, 118,
131, 132, 135, 136, 139, 140, 146,
147, 154, 167, 168, 171–173, 175–
185, 191–195, 197–207, 211, 227,
228, 230, 231, 237, 243, 261–266,
268–279
Ionic liquid columns, 131, 133, 141, 144–
146, 152, 153, 156
Ionic liquid cost, 8, 87, 89, 102–104, 107,
108, 192, 193, 227
Ionic liquid dehydration, 110
Ionic liquid generations, 6
Ionic liquid industrialization, 7, 14, 16, 21,
22, 45, 195, 204, 261, 266, 269
Ionic Liquid–Liquid Chromatography
(ILLC), 8, 172, 173, 175–178,
180–184
Ionic liquid market growth, 262
Ionic liquid processes, 110
Ionic liquid products, 8, 9, 23, 191, 266
Ionic liquids database, 13, 15
IonoSolv, 8, 87, 89, 97–101, 103, 105, 107–
109, 111–114, 117
ISOALKY™ Catalyst, 38, 39, 42–44, 46
ISOALKY™ Technology, 35–37, 39–41,
43–46
IUPAC project, 12–15
J
J-type centrifuge, 170, 172, 175
L
Laboratory Demonstration Pilot Unit
(LDPU), 69, 76, 77
Lentinan, 182, 184
Life-cycle analysis, 277
Life-cycle costing, 193
Lignin, 8, 71, 88–92, 94–97, 99, 100, 102,
105–111, 113, 243, 249, 251, 271
Lignocellulose, 87, 88, 90, 214, 221, 222
Liquid Chromatography (LC), 142, 149, 167
Liquid–Liquid Chromatography (LLC), 74,
167, 168, 172, 183, 184
Liquid–liquid extractions, 167
Lubricant, 21, 268
Lyocell process, 91, 213, 228, 230, 240, 251
M
Major chemical companies, 21
Manufacturing, 7, 34, 71, 72, 74, 75, 80, 104,
149, 206, 211–215, 222, 230, 246
Metathesis, 93, 198
Microfiber, 74, 212, 214, 215, 217, 241–244,
247
Microreaction technology, 197
Microwave heating, 77
Molten salts, 5, 6, 16, 17, 132, 247, 261, 263
Multidimensional GC, 145, 147
N
Nanoparticles, 20, 220, 221, 262–265
Natural composites, 211
New opportunities with LPG from fracking,
46
O
One-step process, 246–248
Operating fluid, 11, 268
P
Patent applications and global revenue, 264
Performance additive, 262, 266
Performance advantages, 35, 39
Physicochemical properties, 134, 135, 147,
173, 183, 277
Polarity, 131, 132, 134–136, 138–142, 145–
148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 156, 175,
271
Polychlorinated biphenyls, 149
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 150, 151
Pretreatment, 8, 87–89, 92, 94–103, 105–
114, 116–118, 154, 251, 270
Process chemical, 197, 268
Process development, 45, 79, 108, 109, 115,
118
Product development, 70, 77
Product treating, 35, 37, 43
Protic ionic liquids, 87, 92, 101, 102, 271,
278
Prototyping, 72
Purification, 93, 182, 184, 192, 194, 195,
198, 202–204, 206, 222, 244, 268,
271
Q
Quaternization of amines, 195