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method. Anal Chem 22:555–558. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60040a012
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by coulometric Karl Fischer titration of petroleum products. Accred Qual Assur 10:543–549.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-005-0056-x
138. Margolis SA, Hagwood C (2003) The determination of water in crude oil and transformer oil
reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 376:260–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-0031865-6
139. Cedergren A, Nordmark U (2000) Determination of water in NIST reference material for
mineral oils. Anal Chem 72:3392–3395. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9913006
140. Larsson W, Jalbert J, Gilbert R, Cedergren A (2003) Efficiency of methods for Karl Fischer
determination of water in oils based on oven evaporation and azeotropic distillation. Anal
Chem 75:1227–1232. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac026229+
141. Frink LA, Weatherly CA, Armstrong DW (2014) Water determination in active pharmaceutical
ingredients using ionic liquid headspace gas chromatography and two different detection
protocols. J Pharm Biomed Anal 94:111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.034
M. Talebi et al.
126. Weber BM, Harynuk JJ (2013) Gas chromatographic retention of alkyl phosphates on ionic
liquid stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 1271:170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.
2012.10.052
127. Dutriez T, Borras J, Courtiade M, Thiébaut D, Dulot H, Bertoncini F, Hennion M-C (2011)
Challenge in the speciation of nitrogen-containing compounds in heavy petroleum fractions
by high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A
1218:3190–3199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.10.056
128. Mahé L, Dutriez T, Courtiade M, Thiébaut D, Dulot H, Bertoncini F (2011) Global approach
for the selection of high temperature comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
experimental conditions and quantitative analysis in regards to sulfur-containing compounds
in heavy petroleum cuts. J Chromatogr A 1218:534–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.
2010.11.065
129. Cappelli Fontanive F, Souza-Silva ÉA, Macedo da Silva J, Bastos Caramão E, Alcaraz Zini C
(2016) Characterization of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in Brazilian petroleum derivatives
using ionic liquid capillary columns in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr A 1461:131–143. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.chroma.2016.07.025
130. Padivitage NLT, Smuts JP, Armstrong DW (2014). Water determination. In: Riley CM,
Rosanske TW, Rabel Riley SR (eds.) Specification of drug substances and products: development and validation of analytical methods. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 223–241. https://doi.org/
10.1016/B978-0-08-098350-9.00011-4
131. Armstrong DW (2017) Measuring water: the expanding role of gas chromatography. LC
GC 35:503–506. http://www.chromatographyonline.com/measuring-water-expanding-rolegas-chromatography
132. Weatherly CA, Woods RM, Armstrong DW (2014) Rapid analysis of ethanol and water in
commercial products using ionic liquid capillary gas chromatography with thermal conductivity detection and/or barrier discharge ionization detection. J Agric Food Chem 62:1832–1838.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf4050167
133. Gallina A, Stocco N, Mutinelli F (2010) Karl Fischer titration to determine moisture in honey: a
new simplified approach. Food Control 21:942–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.
11.008
134. Isengard H-D, Präger H (2003) Water determination in products with high sugar content by
infrared drying. Food Chem 82:161–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00538-1
135. Inagaki S, Morii N, Numata M (2015) Development of a reliable method to determine water
content by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with the standard addition
technique. Anal Methods 7:4816–4820. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5AY00832H
136. Hanna WS, Johnson AB (1950) Water content of hydrocarbons. Modified Karl Fischer
method. Anal Chem 22:555–558. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60040a012
137. Ivanova PG, Aneva ZV (2006) Assessment and assurance of quality in water measurement
by coulometric Karl Fischer titration of petroleum products. Accred Qual Assur 10:543–549.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-005-0056-x
138. Margolis SA, Hagwood C (2003) The determination of water in crude oil and transformer oil
reference materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 376:260–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-0031865-6
139. Cedergren A, Nordmark U (2000) Determination of water in NIST reference material for
mineral oils. Anal Chem 72:3392–3395. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac9913006
140. Larsson W, Jalbert J, Gilbert R, Cedergren A (2003) Efficiency of methods for Karl Fischer
determination of water in oils based on oven evaporation and azeotropic distillation. Anal
Chem 75:1227–1232. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac026229+
141. Frink LA, Weatherly CA, Armstrong DW (2014) Water determination in active pharmaceutical
ingredients using ionic liquid headspace gas chromatography and two different detection
protocols. J Pharm Biomed Anal 94:111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.034