chosen as providing the most sensitive
detection of stress transition for test animals. But it lead to the maximal probability
of false alarms (usually L B = 50% is optimal).
The most effective way to decrease the probability of false alarms is to increase the number of
crayfish-biosensors used in the water quality
assessment.
The probabilistic assessment of false alarms
was obtained for N crayfish in the case, when M
of them synchronously (within T o ) alarm a
potential danger of pollution.
Considering p as the alarm probability for one
crayfish as a response to water quality change,
the alarm probability P N (M) for whole system for
the fixed N and M values is described by a
formula:
P N M
ð Þ ¼
X N
k¼M
C
k
N p
k
1 À p
ð
Þ
NÀk
ð10:3Þ
As the probability p depends on the water
quality changes, and also considering that
detection of this influence has to be rather reliable, it is possible to consider only those changes
of water quality (high toxicity), for which
p > 0.5. If the N = 6 and M = 4 the
P 6 (4) > P 4 (3), when p > 0.4. From the above, it
was established that the high sensitivity of system is high at N = 6 and M = 4. But the false
alarm probability of biomonitoring system is
P 6 (4) = 0.0001, i.e. is the lowest one (Kinebas
et al. 2012), compared with the P 2 (2) = 0.03.
The previous experiments have shown that
only healthy animals, characterized by the emotionally steady state, are to be selected as
bioindicators. Therefore, healthy mature males of
a certain size without visible injuries of a carapace and legs are selected for the BioArgus-W
system use. The crayfish adaptation for aquarium
keeping (to reach typical for a steady rest state of
crayfish to the normal level: 35–50 beats/min at
the 20–22 °C) is to be done. It usually takes from
0.5 to 1 h for healthy animals to adapt for
industrial noise in place of installation.
Our experience shows that the content of the
total protein in hemolymph for healthy crayfish
has to be more than 20 mg/ml (Kuznetsova et al.
2010). Crayfish with low values are in unsatisfactory physiological condition (Kuznetsova
et al. 2010; Sladkova and Kholodkevich 2011).
To investigate deterioration of physiological state
of crayfish, one could perform additional “suspension test” (Kuznetsova 2015; Sladkova et al.
2015). In sick or weakened crayfish with the total
protein content is less than 10 mg/ml, the suspension test reveals a deviation of HR more
than 20%. Cardiac rhythm of sick or weakened crayfish is characterized by the expressed
arrhythmia and unstable HR, and SI does not
exceed 1000 s
–3 . Such crayfish are to be rejected
at a stage of primary selection.
When selecting animals by means of testing
procedures for use in the BioArgus-W system, no
more than 5–10% of crayfish have appeared to be
suitable for usage. Operating experience with the
BioArgus-W system showed that the reference
groups of crayfish selected in such a way, along
with a correct feeding regime and aquarium
maintenance, at least, within a year, can keep the
normal functional state of crayfish suitable for
their use as test organisms (except a molting
period). Regular and successful molting in
crayfish is also a good indicator of crayfish
normal functioning.
One of the important problems is to be solved
during the development and operation of any
complex technical systems is how to control the
reliability of its individual units/channels and the
system as a whole. The BioArgus-W operating
has revealed the need for developing a system of
continuous automated control of functional state
(health) of crayfish. Weakened or sick animals
cannot adequately respond to the change in their
habitat quality.
Under natural conditions, crayfish show the
near diurnal (circadian) rhythm in HR variation
associated with higher locomotor and feeding
activity in nighttime. Figure 10.9 shows an
example of typical dynamics of HR for crayfish
from reference group within 3 weeks of functioning as a part of the BioArgus-W station.
Night-time increase of physical activity of crayfish is followed by the increase of HR (Styrishave et al. 2007; Kuznetsova et al. 2010;
10 Industrial Operation of the Biological …
139
detection of stress transition for test animals. But it lead to the maximal probability
of false alarms (usually L B = 50% is optimal).
The most effective way to decrease the probability of false alarms is to increase the number of
crayfish-biosensors used in the water quality
assessment.
The probabilistic assessment of false alarms
was obtained for N crayfish in the case, when M
of them synchronously (within T o ) alarm a
potential danger of pollution.
Considering p as the alarm probability for one
crayfish as a response to water quality change,
the alarm probability P N (M) for whole system for
the fixed N and M values is described by a
formula:
P N M
ð Þ ¼
X N
k¼M
C
k
N p
k
1 À p
ð
Þ
NÀk
ð10:3Þ
As the probability p depends on the water
quality changes, and also considering that
detection of this influence has to be rather reliable, it is possible to consider only those changes
of water quality (high toxicity), for which
p > 0.5. If the N = 6 and M = 4 the
P 6 (4) > P 4 (3), when p > 0.4. From the above, it
was established that the high sensitivity of system is high at N = 6 and M = 4. But the false
alarm probability of biomonitoring system is
P 6 (4) = 0.0001, i.e. is the lowest one (Kinebas
et al. 2012), compared with the P 2 (2) = 0.03.
The previous experiments have shown that
only healthy animals, characterized by the emotionally steady state, are to be selected as
bioindicators. Therefore, healthy mature males of
a certain size without visible injuries of a carapace and legs are selected for the BioArgus-W
system use. The crayfish adaptation for aquarium
keeping (to reach typical for a steady rest state of
crayfish to the normal level: 35–50 beats/min at
the 20–22 °C) is to be done. It usually takes from
0.5 to 1 h for healthy animals to adapt for
industrial noise in place of installation.
Our experience shows that the content of the
total protein in hemolymph for healthy crayfish
has to be more than 20 mg/ml (Kuznetsova et al.
2010). Crayfish with low values are in unsatisfactory physiological condition (Kuznetsova
et al. 2010; Sladkova and Kholodkevich 2011).
To investigate deterioration of physiological state
of crayfish, one could perform additional “suspension test” (Kuznetsova 2015; Sladkova et al.
2015). In sick or weakened crayfish with the total
protein content is less than 10 mg/ml, the suspension test reveals a deviation of HR more
than 20%. Cardiac rhythm of sick or weakened crayfish is characterized by the expressed
arrhythmia and unstable HR, and SI does not
exceed 1000 s
–3 . Such crayfish are to be rejected
at a stage of primary selection.
When selecting animals by means of testing
procedures for use in the BioArgus-W system, no
more than 5–10% of crayfish have appeared to be
suitable for usage. Operating experience with the
BioArgus-W system showed that the reference
groups of crayfish selected in such a way, along
with a correct feeding regime and aquarium
maintenance, at least, within a year, can keep the
normal functional state of crayfish suitable for
their use as test organisms (except a molting
period). Regular and successful molting in
crayfish is also a good indicator of crayfish
normal functioning.
One of the important problems is to be solved
during the development and operation of any
complex technical systems is how to control the
reliability of its individual units/channels and the
system as a whole. The BioArgus-W operating
has revealed the need for developing a system of
continuous automated control of functional state
(health) of crayfish. Weakened or sick animals
cannot adequately respond to the change in their
habitat quality.
Under natural conditions, crayfish show the
near diurnal (circadian) rhythm in HR variation
associated with higher locomotor and feeding
activity in nighttime. Figure 10.9 shows an
example of typical dynamics of HR for crayfish
from reference group within 3 weeks of functioning as a part of the BioArgus-W station.
Night-time increase of physical activity of crayfish is followed by the increase of HR (Styrishave et al. 2007; Kuznetsova et al. 2010;
10 Industrial Operation of the Biological …
139