structural facilities of storage, conveyance, processing and their operations. Construction of
storage should be planned in such a fashion that
it’s social, cultural, and environmental cost and
displacement should be least. Groundwater and
surface water are in hydraulic continuity and
their development should therefore involve the
conjunctive uses of surface and groundwater
resources. Nevertheless, issue of the ownership
of the groundwater should be taken care of. At
the same time, recharge of aquifer needs special
attention. Fortunately, different methods of water
harvesting are being popularized.
Modern water conservation techniques should
be applied. They are ‘multiple use’ and ‘priority
of use'. Multiple approaches ensure stability in
water resources. For instance, technical measures
can be applied to increase resources, for purification of discharges and reduction of water
damage and for increasing water use efficiency.
Water resource can be increased by regularization over a period of time, intra basin and inter
basin transfer of resources, conjunctive use of
surface and groundwater, recycling of water after
first use and by reducing demand for water.
Technical means can also minimize the damage
caused by floods, which is major natural hazard.
Further, the water resources management should
pay attention to the intricate linkages water has
with other aspects of environmental resources.
For example, since sewage has polluted almost
all local sources of water in Bhopal and Indore,
they have to draw drinking water from the Narmada, of course at very high cost.
References
Alvares C, Billorey R (1987) Damming the Narmada: the
politics behind the destruction. Ecologist 12(2):69
CFFC (2015) Drowning a valley: destroying a civilisation. report of the central fact finding team’s visit
to the
Sardar
Sarovar
Project Submergence
Areas. Available at https://www.narmadaandolan.org/
wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Drowning-a-ValleySSP-Fact-Finding-Report-May-2015-1.pdf
Central Ground Water Board (2013) Aquifer systems of
Madhya Pradesh. Bhopal, North Central Region
Central Water Commission (2015) Compendium of
Silting of reservoirs in India. Government of India,
New Delhi
Goswami BN, Venugopal V, Sengupta D, Madhusoodanan MS, Xavier PK (2006) Increasing trend of
extreme rain events over india in a warming environment. Science 314(5804):1442–1445
Margade V, Iqbal SA, Pani S, Iqbal N (2009) Environmental impact assessment of industrial effluents on
water quality of Betwa river discharged from Mandideep industrial area in Madhya Pradesh. Curr World
Environ 4(2):327–334
Mishra V, Shah R, Garg A (2016) Climate change in
Madhya Pradesh: indicators, impacts and adaptation.
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India,
pp 1–95. W.P. No. 2016-05-05, May 2016
NSSO (2013) Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing condition in India. NSS
69th Round (JULY 2012–DECEMBER 2012). Ministry of Statistics and programme Implementation,
Government of India. NSS KI (69/1.2)
Rathore LS, SD Attri and AK Jaswal (2013) State Level
Climate Change Trends in India. (2013) Meteorological Monograph No. ESSO/IMD/EMRC/02/2013
India Meteorological Department Ministry of Earth
Sciences Government of India. Ministry of Water
Resources, Government of India. Plates III and IV
Santosh V (April 2013) Alok Varma and Geeta Saxena
(2013) Assessment of water quality of Betwa River,
Madhya Pradesh, India. Int J Water Resources Environ Eng. 5(4):217–222
Sharma SK (2013) Major issues and challenges to uses of
water resources in India: Current Assessment (Hindi).
Raashtriya Bhaugolik Patrika, (BHU Hindi Journal),
Year 4, Vol 2, pp 113–148 (ISSN: 2230–
9942/2013/0062–0069)
Sharma SK (2016) Water resources. In: Bhat LS (ed) Economic geography, Vol. 1 Land, water and agriculture.
ICSSR research surveys and explorations. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press
Sharma SK, Jain CK (1994) Water resource: potentials,
utilization and problems in Madhya Pradesh. J Water
Land Use Manag III(3):232–253
Shraddha S, Rakesh V, Savita D, Praveen J (2011)
Evaluation of water quality of narmada river with
reference to physico-chemical parameters at Hoshangabad city, MP, India. Res J Chem Sci 1(3):40–48.
ISSN 2231–606X
Sohani S, Sanjeeda I (2012) Microbiological analysis of
surface water in Indore. India. Res J Recent Sci 1:323–
325
Sonal T, Kataria HC (2012) Physico-chemical studies of
water quality of Shahpura Lake, Bhopal (M.P) with
special reference to pollution effects on ground water
124
S. K. Sharma
storage should be planned in such a fashion that
it’s social, cultural, and environmental cost and
displacement should be least. Groundwater and
surface water are in hydraulic continuity and
their development should therefore involve the
conjunctive uses of surface and groundwater
resources. Nevertheless, issue of the ownership
of the groundwater should be taken care of. At
the same time, recharge of aquifer needs special
attention. Fortunately, different methods of water
harvesting are being popularized.
Modern water conservation techniques should
be applied. They are ‘multiple use’ and ‘priority
of use'. Multiple approaches ensure stability in
water resources. For instance, technical measures
can be applied to increase resources, for purification of discharges and reduction of water
damage and for increasing water use efficiency.
Water resource can be increased by regularization over a period of time, intra basin and inter
basin transfer of resources, conjunctive use of
surface and groundwater, recycling of water after
first use and by reducing demand for water.
Technical means can also minimize the damage
caused by floods, which is major natural hazard.
Further, the water resources management should
pay attention to the intricate linkages water has
with other aspects of environmental resources.
For example, since sewage has polluted almost
all local sources of water in Bhopal and Indore,
they have to draw drinking water from the Narmada, of course at very high cost.
References
Alvares C, Billorey R (1987) Damming the Narmada: the
politics behind the destruction. Ecologist 12(2):69
CFFC (2015) Drowning a valley: destroying a civilisation. report of the central fact finding team’s visit
to the
Sardar
Sarovar
Project Submergence
Areas. Available at https://www.narmadaandolan.org/
wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Drowning-a-ValleySSP-Fact-Finding-Report-May-2015-1.pdf
Central Ground Water Board (2013) Aquifer systems of
Madhya Pradesh. Bhopal, North Central Region
Central Water Commission (2015) Compendium of
Silting of reservoirs in India. Government of India,
New Delhi
Goswami BN, Venugopal V, Sengupta D, Madhusoodanan MS, Xavier PK (2006) Increasing trend of
extreme rain events over india in a warming environment. Science 314(5804):1442–1445
Margade V, Iqbal SA, Pani S, Iqbal N (2009) Environmental impact assessment of industrial effluents on
water quality of Betwa river discharged from Mandideep industrial area in Madhya Pradesh. Curr World
Environ 4(2):327–334
Mishra V, Shah R, Garg A (2016) Climate change in
Madhya Pradesh: indicators, impacts and adaptation.
Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India,
pp 1–95. W.P. No. 2016-05-05, May 2016
NSSO (2013) Key Indicators of Drinking Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Housing condition in India. NSS
69th Round (JULY 2012–DECEMBER 2012). Ministry of Statistics and programme Implementation,
Government of India. NSS KI (69/1.2)
Rathore LS, SD Attri and AK Jaswal (2013) State Level
Climate Change Trends in India. (2013) Meteorological Monograph No. ESSO/IMD/EMRC/02/2013
India Meteorological Department Ministry of Earth
Sciences Government of India. Ministry of Water
Resources, Government of India. Plates III and IV
Santosh V (April 2013) Alok Varma and Geeta Saxena
(2013) Assessment of water quality of Betwa River,
Madhya Pradesh, India. Int J Water Resources Environ Eng. 5(4):217–222
Sharma SK (2013) Major issues and challenges to uses of
water resources in India: Current Assessment (Hindi).
Raashtriya Bhaugolik Patrika, (BHU Hindi Journal),
Year 4, Vol 2, pp 113–148 (ISSN: 2230–
9942/2013/0062–0069)
Sharma SK (2016) Water resources. In: Bhat LS (ed) Economic geography, Vol. 1 Land, water and agriculture.
ICSSR research surveys and explorations. New Delhi:
Oxford University Press
Sharma SK, Jain CK (1994) Water resource: potentials,
utilization and problems in Madhya Pradesh. J Water
Land Use Manag III(3):232–253
Shraddha S, Rakesh V, Savita D, Praveen J (2011)
Evaluation of water quality of narmada river with
reference to physico-chemical parameters at Hoshangabad city, MP, India. Res J Chem Sci 1(3):40–48.
ISSN 2231–606X
Sohani S, Sanjeeda I (2012) Microbiological analysis of
surface water in Indore. India. Res J Recent Sci 1:323–
325
Sonal T, Kataria HC (2012) Physico-chemical studies of
water quality of Shahpura Lake, Bhopal (M.P) with
special reference to pollution effects on ground water
124
S. K. Sharma