—Hathaikheda, Kaliasot, Kerwan and Laharpur
—are also in grip of sewage pollution. Sonam
(2012) found that highly polluted water of
Shahpura lake percolates downwards and makes
well, hand pump and tube well water polluted.
In Indore, 202.2 million liters sewage is generated every day and most of it disposed of in the
Khan River without treating it. Textile and
chemical industries of the city leave their wastes
in the Khan River which ultimately poisons the
Kshipra River. Sohani and Sanjeeda (2012)
investigated the quality of surface water of
Indore and concluded that surface water is full of
pathogens which are percolating in the groundwater. They emphasized to save surface water
from sewages. Gwalior drains its 50 million liters
after treating and remaining 66 million liters
untreated sewage to the Swarnarekha River.
Morar River receives sewage of the Morar town.
Similarly, effluents of the Orient Paper Mills,
Amlai, have polluted the Son river for long distance (Shrivatava et al. 1988) and of News Print
Paper mill of Nepanagar pollutes Tapti. In this
context, the statement of Sunita Narain from the
Centre of Science and Environment made at the
occasion of opening of the 7th State of India’s
Environment Report at Bhopal, that ‘we are
killing our rivers and water bodies’, is turning to
be true.
9.18 Other Emerging Issues
Sedimentation of reservoirs is also a severe
problem. Sedimentation is the process by which
larger sediments in water entering a reservoir are
deposited at its upper end forming a delta and
steadily raising level of the upper reaches of the
reservoir. This process shortens the utility,
capacity and life span of the dam. In case of
Sardar Sarovar dam, there is the possibility of
premature siltation (Alvares and Billorey 1987).
Central Water Commission (2015) in its report
has surveyed the status of siltation in the Gandhi
Sagar dam constructed on Chambal and found
that the dam has lost capacity of 519.85 million
cubic meters during 41 years from 1960 to 2001.
Average rate of siltation thus arrives at 12.679 M
cum per year. It is slightly lower in the Rana
Pratap Sagar below the Gandhi Sagar. The Halali
dam in Raisen district lost 16.91% live storage
capacity, from 226.940 M cum in 1976 to
188.583 M cum in 2003, yielding annual rate of
siltation of 1.42 M cum. Because of loose soil
present in most of the state problem of siltation
exists in every project area.
Waterlogging is another serious problem,
which can be easily witnessed in command areas
of Tawa, Chambal, Barna, Harsi projects. About
one-third of the command area of Tawa is suffering from waterlogging. The Indian Institute of
Social Science estimates that 40% of the command area of the Sardar Sarovar dam will
become waterlogged. This area contains black
soils, which are particularly prone to waterlogging under perennial irrigation due to high water
retentive capacity. Rich soils in Punjab and
Haryana have been robbed of their use because
of waterlogging. Salinity is also in filtering in the
canal irrigated area. It is estimated that 4410
hectares are salt affected. Irrigation water unlike
rainwater contains considerable amount of salt in
solution which is deposited on soils to make
them salty. Again in Tawa dam command a large
tract of good quality cultivable land has been
affected by salinity and became infertile.
9.19 Suggestions
In the background of the emerging problems and
issues of the water resource situation in the state
and as a response to the demands of the challenges
that lie ahead, fundamental changes are required in
the management of water system. The National
Water Policy 2002 accepts these challenges. At
present, a new conceptual framework for the water
resource management, known as ‘Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM)’ is postulated.
This integrated water resource management concept emphasizes on ‘all physical aspects of water
resources’ and ‘environmental considerations.
At the moment emphasis is laid on the management of demand rather than the supply. The
central point of water resource management is to
match supply and demand imbalance through
9 Water Resources of Madhya Pradesh: Contemporary …
123
—are also in grip of sewage pollution. Sonam
(2012) found that highly polluted water of
Shahpura lake percolates downwards and makes
well, hand pump and tube well water polluted.
In Indore, 202.2 million liters sewage is generated every day and most of it disposed of in the
Khan River without treating it. Textile and
chemical industries of the city leave their wastes
in the Khan River which ultimately poisons the
Kshipra River. Sohani and Sanjeeda (2012)
investigated the quality of surface water of
Indore and concluded that surface water is full of
pathogens which are percolating in the groundwater. They emphasized to save surface water
from sewages. Gwalior drains its 50 million liters
after treating and remaining 66 million liters
untreated sewage to the Swarnarekha River.
Morar River receives sewage of the Morar town.
Similarly, effluents of the Orient Paper Mills,
Amlai, have polluted the Son river for long distance (Shrivatava et al. 1988) and of News Print
Paper mill of Nepanagar pollutes Tapti. In this
context, the statement of Sunita Narain from the
Centre of Science and Environment made at the
occasion of opening of the 7th State of India’s
Environment Report at Bhopal, that ‘we are
killing our rivers and water bodies’, is turning to
be true.
9.18 Other Emerging Issues
Sedimentation of reservoirs is also a severe
problem. Sedimentation is the process by which
larger sediments in water entering a reservoir are
deposited at its upper end forming a delta and
steadily raising level of the upper reaches of the
reservoir. This process shortens the utility,
capacity and life span of the dam. In case of
Sardar Sarovar dam, there is the possibility of
premature siltation (Alvares and Billorey 1987).
Central Water Commission (2015) in its report
has surveyed the status of siltation in the Gandhi
Sagar dam constructed on Chambal and found
that the dam has lost capacity of 519.85 million
cubic meters during 41 years from 1960 to 2001.
Average rate of siltation thus arrives at 12.679 M
cum per year. It is slightly lower in the Rana
Pratap Sagar below the Gandhi Sagar. The Halali
dam in Raisen district lost 16.91% live storage
capacity, from 226.940 M cum in 1976 to
188.583 M cum in 2003, yielding annual rate of
siltation of 1.42 M cum. Because of loose soil
present in most of the state problem of siltation
exists in every project area.
Waterlogging is another serious problem,
which can be easily witnessed in command areas
of Tawa, Chambal, Barna, Harsi projects. About
one-third of the command area of Tawa is suffering from waterlogging. The Indian Institute of
Social Science estimates that 40% of the command area of the Sardar Sarovar dam will
become waterlogged. This area contains black
soils, which are particularly prone to waterlogging under perennial irrigation due to high water
retentive capacity. Rich soils in Punjab and
Haryana have been robbed of their use because
of waterlogging. Salinity is also in filtering in the
canal irrigated area. It is estimated that 4410
hectares are salt affected. Irrigation water unlike
rainwater contains considerable amount of salt in
solution which is deposited on soils to make
them salty. Again in Tawa dam command a large
tract of good quality cultivable land has been
affected by salinity and became infertile.
9.19 Suggestions
In the background of the emerging problems and
issues of the water resource situation in the state
and as a response to the demands of the challenges
that lie ahead, fundamental changes are required in
the management of water system. The National
Water Policy 2002 accepts these challenges. At
present, a new conceptual framework for the water
resource management, known as ‘Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM)’ is postulated.
This integrated water resource management concept emphasizes on ‘all physical aspects of water
resources’ and ‘environmental considerations.
At the moment emphasis is laid on the management of demand rather than the supply. The
central point of water resource management is to
match supply and demand imbalance through
9 Water Resources of Madhya Pradesh: Contemporary …
123