Indore, Ratlam, Ujjain and Bhopal; and between
5 and 10 in Dewas, Dhar, Narsinghpur, Satna,
Shajapur, Sehore, Vidisha, Raisen, Burhanpur,
Rewa and Sheopur district as against the average
of 4.34 for the state.
District-wise balance groundwater for future
irrigation is estimated by deducting groundwater
draft for irrigation and allocation for next
25 years (upto year 2035) for drinking and
industrial water supply from net groundwater
availability. About 13, 46,522 ham (13.47 BCM)
groundwater is available for future irrigation at
present (2010), which can irrigate additional area
of 33, 66,305 hectares. In two districts namely
Indore and Ratlam balance of groundwater is
estimated as nil for future irrigation, while Ujjain
will have minimum irrigation potential as it is
very close to 100% development projecting the
domestic and industrial draft for the year 2035.
9.9 Water Level Fluctuation
Groundwater level refers to underground surface
below which the ground is wholly saturated with
water. The upper surface of the zone of saturation
is the water table. Groundwater is a dynamic
system and groundwater level varies significantly
over time and space. The groundwater level is
subject to change due to natural and man-made
causes. Groundwater level is an important indicator for the recharge of the aquifer, groundwater
abstraction and the discharge from the aquifer to
surface waters and to some extent groundwater
quantity. Decline in groundwater levels can
occur as a result of natural climatic conditions
(low rainfall), changes in land use, or as a result
of over abstraction. Rise in groundwater levels
can occur as a result of natural climatic conditions (heavy rainfall), changes in land use, or as a
result of artificial recharge to groundwater by
rainwater harvesting. The average depth of water
level during the decade 2003–2012 in pre and
postmonsoon periods (CGWB 2013, Pts III and
IV), derived from data of 1246 observation wells
of the state, is discussed below succinctly.
9.10 Depth to Water Level in PreMonsoon Level: May
The decadal mean depth of water level for 2003–
2013 varies from 2 to 41 m bgl in the state. In
general, the depth to water level ranged between
5 and 20 meter below ground level (m bgl),
except in small localized patches. Groundwater
level, ranging between 2 and 5 m bgl, was
observed in isolated patches, mostly in a belt
from northern Betul-Chhindwara districts to part
of Narsinghpur, Jabalpur, Mandla and Dindori
districts. More than 43.0% of monitoring network wells had depth of water level ranging
between 5 and 10 m bgl, which are widely distributed in the state, spreading over major part of
Jhabua, Barwani, Khargone, Khandwa, Harda,
Hoshangabad; northern parts of Betul and
Chhindwara district to Jabalpur district; parts of
Umaria, Shahdol, Sidhi and Sigrauli districts;
Sehore, Vidisha, Ashoknagar and major portion
of Sagar district; and part of Morena, Gwalior,
northern Chhatatpur and Panna districts. Depth to
water level ranging between 10 and 20 m bgl
was observed in 45.0% of monitoring network
wells. Such areas are particularly covering major
part of the Malwa, Madhya Bharat, Rewa plateau, middle Satpura and Dindori district. Very
deep water levels more than 20 m.bgl were seen
in some small pockets spread in alluvium aquifer
covering parts of Bhind, Morena, Datia, Gwalior
and Sheopur in the north; and basalt-sandstone
areas of Indore, Dewas, Barwani, Burhanpur,
Sagar and Damoh districts.
9.11 Depth to Water Level in PostMonsoon Period: November
Mean depth of water level for 2002–2012 for
postmonsoon period ranges from 0.61 to 41
meters below ground level (mbgl) in the state.
Very shallow water levels up to 2 mbgl are seen
as a continuous patch in southern parts of the
state covering mainly Chhindwara, Betul, Seoni,
northern Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, southern
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S. K. Sharma
5 and 10 in Dewas, Dhar, Narsinghpur, Satna,
Shajapur, Sehore, Vidisha, Raisen, Burhanpur,
Rewa and Sheopur district as against the average
of 4.34 for the state.
District-wise balance groundwater for future
irrigation is estimated by deducting groundwater
draft for irrigation and allocation for next
25 years (upto year 2035) for drinking and
industrial water supply from net groundwater
availability. About 13, 46,522 ham (13.47 BCM)
groundwater is available for future irrigation at
present (2010), which can irrigate additional area
of 33, 66,305 hectares. In two districts namely
Indore and Ratlam balance of groundwater is
estimated as nil for future irrigation, while Ujjain
will have minimum irrigation potential as it is
very close to 100% development projecting the
domestic and industrial draft for the year 2035.
9.9 Water Level Fluctuation
Groundwater level refers to underground surface
below which the ground is wholly saturated with
water. The upper surface of the zone of saturation
is the water table. Groundwater is a dynamic
system and groundwater level varies significantly
over time and space. The groundwater level is
subject to change due to natural and man-made
causes. Groundwater level is an important indicator for the recharge of the aquifer, groundwater
abstraction and the discharge from the aquifer to
surface waters and to some extent groundwater
quantity. Decline in groundwater levels can
occur as a result of natural climatic conditions
(low rainfall), changes in land use, or as a result
of over abstraction. Rise in groundwater levels
can occur as a result of natural climatic conditions (heavy rainfall), changes in land use, or as a
result of artificial recharge to groundwater by
rainwater harvesting. The average depth of water
level during the decade 2003–2012 in pre and
postmonsoon periods (CGWB 2013, Pts III and
IV), derived from data of 1246 observation wells
of the state, is discussed below succinctly.
9.10 Depth to Water Level in PreMonsoon Level: May
The decadal mean depth of water level for 2003–
2013 varies from 2 to 41 m bgl in the state. In
general, the depth to water level ranged between
5 and 20 meter below ground level (m bgl),
except in small localized patches. Groundwater
level, ranging between 2 and 5 m bgl, was
observed in isolated patches, mostly in a belt
from northern Betul-Chhindwara districts to part
of Narsinghpur, Jabalpur, Mandla and Dindori
districts. More than 43.0% of monitoring network wells had depth of water level ranging
between 5 and 10 m bgl, which are widely distributed in the state, spreading over major part of
Jhabua, Barwani, Khargone, Khandwa, Harda,
Hoshangabad; northern parts of Betul and
Chhindwara district to Jabalpur district; parts of
Umaria, Shahdol, Sidhi and Sigrauli districts;
Sehore, Vidisha, Ashoknagar and major portion
of Sagar district; and part of Morena, Gwalior,
northern Chhatatpur and Panna districts. Depth to
water level ranging between 10 and 20 m bgl
was observed in 45.0% of monitoring network
wells. Such areas are particularly covering major
part of the Malwa, Madhya Bharat, Rewa plateau, middle Satpura and Dindori district. Very
deep water levels more than 20 m.bgl were seen
in some small pockets spread in alluvium aquifer
covering parts of Bhind, Morena, Datia, Gwalior
and Sheopur in the north; and basalt-sandstone
areas of Indore, Dewas, Barwani, Burhanpur,
Sagar and Damoh districts.
9.11 Depth to Water Level in PostMonsoon Period: November
Mean depth of water level for 2002–2012 for
postmonsoon period ranges from 0.61 to 41
meters below ground level (mbgl) in the state.
Very shallow water levels up to 2 mbgl are seen
as a continuous patch in southern parts of the
state covering mainly Chhindwara, Betul, Seoni,
northern Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, southern
118
S. K. Sharma