decrease in WR at a very low temperature is
caused by late snow melting high in the
mountains that results in shift of melting time
and, therewith, a transition of some portion of
streamflow to the third season (July).
• During a summer low water (Fig. 7.6c), the
streamflow also increases with temperature
decrease since the decreasing portion of precipitation again goes to evapotranspiration.
• In an autumn low water season (Fig. 7.6d),
the streamflow decreases with temperature fall
because similarly to the case in Fig. 7.6a the
increasing amount of precipitation remains as
snow on the mountain slopes.
The developed imitation balance model of
mountain river WR provides the least quadratic
discrepancy among 5300 observed and calculated streamflows in the basin outlets for each
(out of 4) hydrological season. It includes 144
parameters found for a system of *1300 equations for each season. A total of 36 parameters
fall on one season and 3 parameters on the
description of a hydrological regime of an individual landscape. The model calculates the contribution of each landscape in each river basin for
all years of experimental observations (more than
12.000 values for four hydrological seasons) to
be used later in seven HCR models.
Spatially generalized monthly precipitation is
the most important input factor of the developed
river WR model. According to Eq. (7.3), WR
varies in direct proportion with precipitation,
thus greatly contributing to the calculation error
of the model; therefore, the latter should be close
to the error of spatial generalization of precipitation over the Altai-Sayan mountain country.
Model adequacy criterion A (Table 7.3) averages
0.6, while criterion A for generalized precipitation approaches 0.66 (see Sect. 7.4). This means
Fig. 7.6 Dependence of the Maima river runoff on
temperature and precipitation at mean values of other
factors: a—winter low water (XII–III months), temperature and precipitation for IX–XI of a preceding year; b—
spring–summer flood (IV–VI), temperature and
precipitation for IV–VI of a current year; c—summer
low water (VII–VIII), temperature and precipitation for
VII–VIII; d—autumn low water (IX–XI), temperature and
precipitation for IX–XI
92
Y. Kirsta and A. Puzanov
caused by late snow melting high in the
mountains that results in shift of melting time
and, therewith, a transition of some portion of
streamflow to the third season (July).
• During a summer low water (Fig. 7.6c), the
streamflow also increases with temperature
decrease since the decreasing portion of precipitation again goes to evapotranspiration.
• In an autumn low water season (Fig. 7.6d),
the streamflow decreases with temperature fall
because similarly to the case in Fig. 7.6a the
increasing amount of precipitation remains as
snow on the mountain slopes.
The developed imitation balance model of
mountain river WR provides the least quadratic
discrepancy among 5300 observed and calculated streamflows in the basin outlets for each
(out of 4) hydrological season. It includes 144
parameters found for a system of *1300 equations for each season. A total of 36 parameters
fall on one season and 3 parameters on the
description of a hydrological regime of an individual landscape. The model calculates the contribution of each landscape in each river basin for
all years of experimental observations (more than
12.000 values for four hydrological seasons) to
be used later in seven HCR models.
Spatially generalized monthly precipitation is
the most important input factor of the developed
river WR model. According to Eq. (7.3), WR
varies in direct proportion with precipitation,
thus greatly contributing to the calculation error
of the model; therefore, the latter should be close
to the error of spatial generalization of precipitation over the Altai-Sayan mountain country.
Model adequacy criterion A (Table 7.3) averages
0.6, while criterion A for generalized precipitation approaches 0.66 (see Sect. 7.4). This means
Fig. 7.6 Dependence of the Maima river runoff on
temperature and precipitation at mean values of other
factors: a—winter low water (XII–III months), temperature and precipitation for IX–XI of a preceding year; b—
spring–summer flood (IV–VI), temperature and
precipitation for IV–VI of a current year; c—summer
low water (VII–VIII), temperature and precipitation for
VII–VIII; d—autumn low water (IX–XI), temperature and
precipitation for IX–XI
92
Y. Kirsta and A. Puzanov