3. H.Y. Ma, L.F. Tong, Z.B. Xu, Z.P. Fang, Functionalizing carbon nanotubes by grafting on
intumescent flame retardant: nanocomposite synthesis, morphology, rheology, and flammability. Adv. Func. Mater. 18, 414–421 (2008)
4. A.B. Morgan, Flame retarded polymer layered silicate nanocomposites: a review of
commercial and open literature systems. Polym. Adv. Technol. 17, 206–217 (2006)
5. Z.Y. Wang, E.H. Han, W. Ke, Fire-resistant effect of nanoclay on intumescent nanocomposite coatings. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 103, 1681–1689 (2007)
6. B. Yuan, Y. Hu, X. Chen, Y. Shi, Y. Niu, Y. Zhang, S. He, H. Dai, Dual modification of
graphene by polymeric flame retardant and Ni (OH) 2 nanosheets for improving flame
retardancy of polypropylene. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 100, 106–117 (2017)
7. M. Dallavalle, N. Sändig, F. Zerbetto, Stability, dynamics, and lubrication of MoS 2 platelets
and nanotubes. Langmuir 28, 7393–7400 (2012)
8. K. Apaydin, A. Laachachi, V. Ball, M. Jimenez, S. Bourbigot, V. Toniazzo, D. Ruch,
Polyallylamine–montmorillonite as super flame retardant coating assemblies by layer-by
layer deposition on polyamide. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 98, 627–634 (2013)
9. E.N. Kalali, X. Wang, D.-Y. Wang, Multifunctional intercalation in layered double
hydroxide: toward multifunctional nanohybrids for epoxy resin. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 2147–
2157 (2016)
10. Z. Matusinovic, C.A. Wilkie, Fire retardancy and morphology of layered double hydroxide
nanocomposites: a review. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 18701–18704 (2012)
11. D. Yang, Y. Hu, L. Song, S. Nie, S. He, Y. Cai, Catalyzing carbonization function of a-ZrP
based intumescent fire retardant polypropylene nanocomposites. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93,
2014–2018 (2008)
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containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol. Plast. Rubber Compos. 37, 311–318
(2008)
13. M. Lewin, Synergism and catalysis in flame retardancy of polymers. Polym. Adv. Technol.
12, 215–222 (2001)
14. Z. Wang, P. Wei, Y. Qian, J. Liu, The synthesis of a novel graphene-based inorganic–
organic hybrid flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin. Compos. B Eng. 60,
341–349 (2014)
15. W. Wang, H. Pan, Y. Shi, Y. Pan, W. Yang, K. Liew, L. Song, Y. Hu, Fabrication of LDH
nanosheets on b-FeOOH rods and applications for improving the fire safety of epoxy resin.
Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 80, 259–269 (2016)
16. Q. Kong, T. Wu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhang, T. Si, L. Yang, J. Zhang, Improving flame
retardancy of IFR/PP composites through the synergistic effect of organic montmorillonite
intercalation cobalt hydroxides modified by acidified chitosan. Appl. Clay Sci. 146, 230–237
(2017)
17. J. Xu, C. Zhang, H. Qu, C. Tian, Zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate as flame-retardant
agents for flexible poly (vinyl chloride). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 98, 1469–1475 (2005)
18. W. Zhu, E.D. Weil, S. Mukhopadhyay, Intumescent flame-retardant system of phosphates
and 5, 5, 5′, 5′, 5″, 5″-hexamethyltris (1, 3, 2-dioxaphosphorinanemethan) amine 2, 2′,2″trioxide for polyolefins. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 62, 2267–2280 (1996)
19. F. Gholamian, G. Nabiyouni, D. Ghanbari, R. Jalajerdi, A. Aminifazl, Synergistic effect
between Sb 2 O 3 nanostructure and brominated compound on the flame retardant properties of
the polymeric matrixes. High Temp. Mater. Processes (Lond.) 32, 125–132 (2013)
20. S. Qiu, W. Xing, X. Feng, B. Yu, X. Mu, R.K. Yuen, Y. Hu, Self-standing cuprous oxide
nanoparticles on silica@ polyphosphazene nanospheres: 3D nanostructure for enhancing the
flame retardancy and toxic effluents elimination of epoxy resins via synergistic catalytic
effect. Chem. Eng. J. 309, 802–814 (2017)
21. Y. Shi, X. Qian, K. Zhou, Q. Tang, S. Jiang, B. Wang, B. Wang, B. Yu, Y. Hu, R.K. Yuen,
CuO/graphene nanohybrids: preparation and enhancement on thermal stability and smoke
suppression of polypropylene. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 13654–13660 (2013)
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103
intumescent flame retardant: nanocomposite synthesis, morphology, rheology, and flammability. Adv. Func. Mater. 18, 414–421 (2008)
4. A.B. Morgan, Flame retarded polymer layered silicate nanocomposites: a review of
commercial and open literature systems. Polym. Adv. Technol. 17, 206–217 (2006)
5. Z.Y. Wang, E.H. Han, W. Ke, Fire-resistant effect of nanoclay on intumescent nanocomposite coatings. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 103, 1681–1689 (2007)
6. B. Yuan, Y. Hu, X. Chen, Y. Shi, Y. Niu, Y. Zhang, S. He, H. Dai, Dual modification of
graphene by polymeric flame retardant and Ni (OH) 2 nanosheets for improving flame
retardancy of polypropylene. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 100, 106–117 (2017)
7. M. Dallavalle, N. Sändig, F. Zerbetto, Stability, dynamics, and lubrication of MoS 2 platelets
and nanotubes. Langmuir 28, 7393–7400 (2012)
8. K. Apaydin, A. Laachachi, V. Ball, M. Jimenez, S. Bourbigot, V. Toniazzo, D. Ruch,
Polyallylamine–montmorillonite as super flame retardant coating assemblies by layer-by
layer deposition on polyamide. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 98, 627–634 (2013)
9. E.N. Kalali, X. Wang, D.-Y. Wang, Multifunctional intercalation in layered double
hydroxide: toward multifunctional nanohybrids for epoxy resin. J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 2147–
2157 (2016)
10. Z. Matusinovic, C.A. Wilkie, Fire retardancy and morphology of layered double hydroxide
nanocomposites: a review. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 18701–18704 (2012)
11. D. Yang, Y. Hu, L. Song, S. Nie, S. He, Y. Cai, Catalyzing carbonization function of a-ZrP
based intumescent fire retardant polypropylene nanocomposites. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93,
2014–2018 (2008)
12. P. Lv, Z. Wang, Y. Hu, M. Yu, Effect of metallic oxides in polypropylene composites
containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol. Plast. Rubber Compos. 37, 311–318
(2008)
13. M. Lewin, Synergism and catalysis in flame retardancy of polymers. Polym. Adv. Technol.
12, 215–222 (2001)
14. Z. Wang, P. Wei, Y. Qian, J. Liu, The synthesis of a novel graphene-based inorganic–
organic hybrid flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin. Compos. B Eng. 60,
341–349 (2014)
15. W. Wang, H. Pan, Y. Shi, Y. Pan, W. Yang, K. Liew, L. Song, Y. Hu, Fabrication of LDH
nanosheets on b-FeOOH rods and applications for improving the fire safety of epoxy resin.
Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 80, 259–269 (2016)
16. Q. Kong, T. Wu, H. Zhang, Y. Zhang, M. Zhang, T. Si, L. Yang, J. Zhang, Improving flame
retardancy of IFR/PP composites through the synergistic effect of organic montmorillonite
intercalation cobalt hydroxides modified by acidified chitosan. Appl. Clay Sci. 146, 230–237
(2017)
17. J. Xu, C. Zhang, H. Qu, C. Tian, Zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate as flame-retardant
agents for flexible poly (vinyl chloride). J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 98, 1469–1475 (2005)
18. W. Zhu, E.D. Weil, S. Mukhopadhyay, Intumescent flame-retardant system of phosphates
and 5, 5, 5′, 5′, 5″, 5″-hexamethyltris (1, 3, 2-dioxaphosphorinanemethan) amine 2, 2′,2″trioxide for polyolefins. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 62, 2267–2280 (1996)
19. F. Gholamian, G. Nabiyouni, D. Ghanbari, R. Jalajerdi, A. Aminifazl, Synergistic effect
between Sb 2 O 3 nanostructure and brominated compound on the flame retardant properties of
the polymeric matrixes. High Temp. Mater. Processes (Lond.) 32, 125–132 (2013)
20. S. Qiu, W. Xing, X. Feng, B. Yu, X. Mu, R.K. Yuen, Y. Hu, Self-standing cuprous oxide
nanoparticles on silica@ polyphosphazene nanospheres: 3D nanostructure for enhancing the
flame retardancy and toxic effluents elimination of epoxy resins via synergistic catalytic
effect. Chem. Eng. J. 309, 802–814 (2017)
21. Y. Shi, X. Qian, K. Zhou, Q. Tang, S. Jiang, B. Wang, B. Wang, B. Yu, Y. Hu, R.K. Yuen,
CuO/graphene nanohybrids: preparation and enhancement on thermal stability and smoke
suppression of polypropylene. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52, 13654–13660 (2013)
References
103