461
cost, 171–173
electromagnetic induction, 164
energy consumption, 158
global warming, 157, 158
Greenshield’s model, 162, 163
guidance factors, 160
guideway modeling, 158
LRFD, 164
maglev (see Maglev infrastructure)
magnetic bearing system, 164, 165
magnetic forces, 159
optimal rotor speed, 162
polarization of coil, 164, 165
Standard Simulink/Sim Power
Systems, 162
turbine speed and mechanical powers,
162, 163
urban and suburban area, 157
velocity, 161
wind speed, 162
wind turbine, 161, 167
Iron oxide nanoparticles, 243
Irrigation, 233, 234
K
Kepler’s second law, 27
Killing pathogens, 4
Kinetic energy, 371
Kinetic energy conversion mechanism, 178
Kinetics and modeling
heavy/noble metals, 302, 303
inorganic ions, 299–302
photo-disinfection kinetics (see Photodisinfection kinetics)
photomineralization, 290, 291, 293
photoreactor systems, 290
turbidity, 299
water quality, 299
k-omega turbulence model, 369
L
Lagrangian function, 86–88, 94
Land
activities, 404
agroecosystem, 409
biodiversity, 405
biophysical condition, 404
climate changes, 411
clustered sampling, 408
cover and use, 404
deforestation, 411
degradation, 405
diversification, 411
earth surface, 411
elasticity, 407
erodibility, 404
essential earth system properties, 404
farming systems, 406
function, 404
human activities, 411
human measurements, 406
identification, 405
intensification analysis, 406
intuitions, 404
loss of variety, 404
management, 405, 409
mapping and spatial process, 405
nonagricultural sources, 411
nonspatial and spatial methods, 409
political action, 406
population pressure, 404
primary data variability, 407
road construction effect, 404
root-cause analysis, 409
root-cause pattern, 411
scales, 405
social/ecological system, 411
socio-environment interaction
dynamics, 406
soil erosion, 409, 410
spatial analysis, 405
spatial distribution, 406, 408
spatial sampling methods, 407
surface, 405
systematic/random-purpose samples, 408
use, 409
water resource, 403
Land-use change, 384, 387, 388, 390
Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H)
mechanism, 283
Levitation force, 371
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
environmental impact, 304
heterogeneous photocatalysis, 303, 304
impact categories, photocatalytic water
treatment process, 304
large-scale water application, 304
photocatalytic water/wastewater treatment
processes, 303
photo-Fenton plants, 303
pilot plants, 304
ROS-based oxidation processes, 303
solar irradiation, 305
Light emission, 98
Index
cost, 171–173
electromagnetic induction, 164
energy consumption, 158
global warming, 157, 158
Greenshield’s model, 162, 163
guidance factors, 160
guideway modeling, 158
LRFD, 164
maglev (see Maglev infrastructure)
magnetic bearing system, 164, 165
magnetic forces, 159
optimal rotor speed, 162
polarization of coil, 164, 165
Standard Simulink/Sim Power
Systems, 162
turbine speed and mechanical powers,
162, 163
urban and suburban area, 157
velocity, 161
wind speed, 162
wind turbine, 161, 167
Iron oxide nanoparticles, 243
Irrigation, 233, 234
K
Kepler’s second law, 27
Killing pathogens, 4
Kinetic energy, 371
Kinetic energy conversion mechanism, 178
Kinetics and modeling
heavy/noble metals, 302, 303
inorganic ions, 299–302
photo-disinfection kinetics (see Photodisinfection kinetics)
photomineralization, 290, 291, 293
photoreactor systems, 290
turbidity, 299
water quality, 299
k-omega turbulence model, 369
L
Lagrangian function, 86–88, 94
Land
activities, 404
agroecosystem, 409
biodiversity, 405
biophysical condition, 404
climate changes, 411
clustered sampling, 408
cover and use, 404
deforestation, 411
degradation, 405
diversification, 411
earth surface, 411
elasticity, 407
erodibility, 404
essential earth system properties, 404
farming systems, 406
function, 404
human activities, 411
human measurements, 406
identification, 405
intensification analysis, 406
intuitions, 404
loss of variety, 404
management, 405, 409
mapping and spatial process, 405
nonagricultural sources, 411
nonspatial and spatial methods, 409
political action, 406
population pressure, 404
primary data variability, 407
road construction effect, 404
root-cause analysis, 409
root-cause pattern, 411
scales, 405
social/ecological system, 411
socio-environment interaction
dynamics, 406
soil erosion, 409, 410
spatial analysis, 405
spatial distribution, 406, 408
spatial sampling methods, 407
surface, 405
systematic/random-purpose samples, 408
use, 409
water resource, 403
Land-use change, 384, 387, 388, 390
Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H)
mechanism, 283
Levitation force, 371
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
environmental impact, 304
heterogeneous photocatalysis, 303, 304
impact categories, photocatalytic water
treatment process, 304
large-scale water application, 304
photocatalytic water/wastewater treatment
processes, 303
photo-Fenton plants, 303
pilot plants, 304
ROS-based oxidation processes, 303
solar irradiation, 305
Light emission, 98
Index