421
V
I R
K
I
I
I
I
mo
mo Smo
m o
Lmo
m o
o mo
omo
= −
+
−
+






log
,
(21.5)
where I Lmo defines the currents from the photon generation, I omo is the unsaturated
current into the diode, R Smo represents the series resistances, and K mo represents the
constant. The resistance from all non-series (Ns) earth surface is connected into the
series, the total resistances are expressed as R Smo   =  N s   ×  R s , and the constant is
K mo  = N s  × K. The current dynamics into the series-connected earth surface is the
same in each component, i.e., I omo  = I o and I Lmo  = I L . Thus, the I mo –V mo relationship
in the N s connected cells is given by
V
I N R N K
I I
I
I
mo
mo S S
S
L
m o
o
o
= −
+
−
+






log
.
(21.6)
Accordingly, once all N p are interconnected in parallel to the earth surface, the
I mo –V mo relationship is considered as [8, 24]
V
I
R
N
K
N I I
N I
N I
mo
mo
s
p
sh L
m o
P o
P o
= −
+
−
+






log
.
(21.7)
Fig. 21.3 Cooling-state photon’s eV characteristic, (a) cooling-state continuum energy dynamic
formation, (b) earth surface plane photon dynamics in the normalized condition
Methods and Simulation