359
To establish a connection between the number of light-quanta solar energy by
steady state, the intensity of solar irradiance is considered to convert it into electricity energy by PV panel [54–56]. The number of stationary states of light quanta is a
certain type of polarization which frequency is in the range of ν r to ν r + dν r [17, 57,
58]. From this the maximum solar radiation can be achieved at 1.4 eV with an
energy value of 27.77 mW/m
2
eV based on an average of 5-h solar irradiance harvesting in a day’s peak levels, which is the equivalent of 27,770 kW/year or 7.6 kW/
day energy [59, 60]. Due to physical principles, there are losses in the conversion of
solar energy into DC power and convertion of direct current into alternating current
(AC). This ratio of AC to DC is called “derating factor,” which is typically 0.8
[61–63]. Thus, the surface texture of selective solar metal is excellent in energy
conversation [26, 27, 46], since the current net conversion by solar panels is 125%
higher level with an efficiency of 80% [11, 13, 14] of solar panels which means that
(27,770 × 1.25 × 0.8) = 27,770 kW/year or 7.6 kW/day. Energy remains equal to the
initial solar energy before the introduction to the solar panel. Necessarily, the maximum solar irradiance is depicted as 1.4 eV with an energy value of 27.77 mW/
m
2
eV in a year an average of 5 h a day for 365 days [47, 64, 65]. A standard residential house requires an average 6 kW/day [35, 45, 66]. Since the produced energy
is equivalent to 27,770 kW/year or 7.6 kW/day, in fact it will meet the energy
demand for a residential house required, 6 kW/day, by using only one solar panel of
1 m
2
. The average monthly energy consumption rate of commercial offices or buildings is about 10,000 kW/day for a footprinting 32 m × 31 m with 30 m (10 floors)
[67–69]. In the calculation of a building with an average of 32 m × 31 m footprint
and with a height of 30 m, the total installed 1 m
2
PV panels should be 1195 units
(945 + 250) with a capacity of 7.6 kW/unit energy production that can provide a
total energy × 1195 = 9082 kW/day to meet the daily energy demand of about
10,000 kW/day for a commercial office or building.
Savings on Energy Cost
On the other hand, the net cost for 30 years’ energy purchase from a traditional utility source for a standard industry (100 people capacity) at 0.12/kWh of 4000 kWh
per month is (30 × 12 × 4000 × 0.12) $172,800. This difference between traditional
energy use and curtain wall-assisted PV panel energy production clearly indicates
the cost saving of $68,400 once curtain wall-assisted PV panel is used as the
energy source.
Conclusions
To establish a connection between the number of light-quanta solar energy by
steady state, the intensity of solar irradiance is considered to convert it into electricity energy by PV panel [54–56]. The number of stationary states of light quanta is a
certain type of polarization which frequency is in the range of ν r to ν r + dν r [17, 57,
58]. From this the maximum solar radiation can be achieved at 1.4 eV with an
energy value of 27.77 mW/m
2
eV based on an average of 5-h solar irradiance harvesting in a day’s peak levels, which is the equivalent of 27,770 kW/year or 7.6 kW/
day energy [59, 60]. Due to physical principles, there are losses in the conversion of
solar energy into DC power and convertion of direct current into alternating current
(AC). This ratio of AC to DC is called “derating factor,” which is typically 0.8
[61–63]. Thus, the surface texture of selective solar metal is excellent in energy
conversation [26, 27, 46], since the current net conversion by solar panels is 125%
higher level with an efficiency of 80% [11, 13, 14] of solar panels which means that
(27,770 × 1.25 × 0.8) = 27,770 kW/year or 7.6 kW/day. Energy remains equal to the
initial solar energy before the introduction to the solar panel. Necessarily, the maximum solar irradiance is depicted as 1.4 eV with an energy value of 27.77 mW/
m
2
eV in a year an average of 5 h a day for 365 days [47, 64, 65]. A standard residential house requires an average 6 kW/day [35, 45, 66]. Since the produced energy
is equivalent to 27,770 kW/year or 7.6 kW/day, in fact it will meet the energy
demand for a residential house required, 6 kW/day, by using only one solar panel of
1 m
2
. The average monthly energy consumption rate of commercial offices or buildings is about 10,000 kW/day for a footprinting 32 m × 31 m with 30 m (10 floors)
[67–69]. In the calculation of a building with an average of 32 m × 31 m footprint
and with a height of 30 m, the total installed 1 m
2
PV panels should be 1195 units
(945 + 250) with a capacity of 7.6 kW/unit energy production that can provide a
total energy × 1195 = 9082 kW/day to meet the daily energy demand of about
10,000 kW/day for a commercial office or building.
Savings on Energy Cost
On the other hand, the net cost for 30 years’ energy purchase from a traditional utility source for a standard industry (100 people capacity) at 0.12/kWh of 4000 kWh
per month is (30 × 12 × 4000 × 0.12) $172,800. This difference between traditional
energy use and curtain wall-assisted PV panel energy production clearly indicates
the cost saving of $68,400 once curtain wall-assisted PV panel is used as the
energy source.
Conclusions