342
railways, airways, waterways, canals, and terminal pathways to mitigate energy and
traffic jam crisis where rural area is the best place to have all these opportunities.
Simply sustainable transport systems will make a positive contribution to the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of the communities by binding a
social and economic connection where people can quickly benefit by this sustainable mobility such as zero-emission vehicle technology which is nearly impossible
in the urban area whereas the rural area is the best option.
Therefore, sustainable infrastructure system and advanced transportation vehicles are needed urgently to have better, safer, and faster mobility and less environmental impact compared to traditional infrastructure and conventional vehicles
where rural area will have the most advantage in comparison to the urban area.
Water
Within the world’s economy, water naturally plays a significant role, with almost
70% of the freshwater being utilized by humans going to the agricultural sector,
which has a larger contribution to global economy where urban development has
nothing to contribute [31, 32]. For several parts of the globe, fishing in freshwater
and saltwater physiques is a key food source and an important part of the global
economy referred to as Blue and Brown Economy which is part of rural development. It is a fact that natural resource is becoming scarcer globally where certain
places are in a vulnerable condition, as in developing world, 90% of all wastewater
still goes untreated into local rivers and streams which causes a dangerous environment in the water world which is mainly caused by urban development [19, 22].
Some 150 major megacities, with roughly a third of the world’s population, also
suffer from medium or high water pollution [24, 26] and this is not only affecting
surface freshwater bodies like rivers and lakes, but also degrading groundwater
resources. Currently, about a half billion people around the world routinely drink
unhealthy water resulting in some five million deaths each year caused by polluted
drinking water in the urban area.
Thus, advance research and development of water is needed for sustainability of
this natural resource where primary focus needs to be given to conducting emerging
distributed systems for water supply and water and wastewater treatment to confirm
a sustainable earth which is only possible by rural development since the rural
development will have less water pollution. Consequently, much more scientifically
and technologically advanced research and development for rural development
must be applied considering environment friendliness: (a) physical and chemical
treatment processes for water and wastewater treatment process; (b) environmental
biotechnology for use in water resource management and bioremediation, and utilizing wastewater into useful product; (c) watershed and wetland management to
reduce water loss; (d) advanced environmental engineering design to mitigate
groundwater; and (e) sustainable water resource development as a new source of
water supply.
15 Deurbanization and Rural Development
railways, airways, waterways, canals, and terminal pathways to mitigate energy and
traffic jam crisis where rural area is the best place to have all these opportunities.
Simply sustainable transport systems will make a positive contribution to the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of the communities by binding a
social and economic connection where people can quickly benefit by this sustainable mobility such as zero-emission vehicle technology which is nearly impossible
in the urban area whereas the rural area is the best option.
Therefore, sustainable infrastructure system and advanced transportation vehicles are needed urgently to have better, safer, and faster mobility and less environmental impact compared to traditional infrastructure and conventional vehicles
where rural area will have the most advantage in comparison to the urban area.
Water
Within the world’s economy, water naturally plays a significant role, with almost
70% of the freshwater being utilized by humans going to the agricultural sector,
which has a larger contribution to global economy where urban development has
nothing to contribute [31, 32]. For several parts of the globe, fishing in freshwater
and saltwater physiques is a key food source and an important part of the global
economy referred to as Blue and Brown Economy which is part of rural development. It is a fact that natural resource is becoming scarcer globally where certain
places are in a vulnerable condition, as in developing world, 90% of all wastewater
still goes untreated into local rivers and streams which causes a dangerous environment in the water world which is mainly caused by urban development [19, 22].
Some 150 major megacities, with roughly a third of the world’s population, also
suffer from medium or high water pollution [24, 26] and this is not only affecting
surface freshwater bodies like rivers and lakes, but also degrading groundwater
resources. Currently, about a half billion people around the world routinely drink
unhealthy water resulting in some five million deaths each year caused by polluted
drinking water in the urban area.
Thus, advance research and development of water is needed for sustainability of
this natural resource where primary focus needs to be given to conducting emerging
distributed systems for water supply and water and wastewater treatment to confirm
a sustainable earth which is only possible by rural development since the rural
development will have less water pollution. Consequently, much more scientifically
and technologically advanced research and development for rural development
must be applied considering environment friendliness: (a) physical and chemical
treatment processes for water and wastewater treatment process; (b) environmental
biotechnology for use in water resource management and bioremediation, and utilizing wastewater into useful product; (c) watershed and wetland management to
reduce water loss; (d) advanced environmental engineering design to mitigate
groundwater; and (e) sustainable water resource development as a new source of
water supply.
15 Deurbanization and Rural Development