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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. F. Hossain, Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure,
Transportation, and Water Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_12
Chapter 12
Potable Water
Abstract Water is a natural resource which is used globally for domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreational, and environmental activities. All living things require
water to survive and thus it is said that water means life and life means water. The
earth surface consists of 25% of land and 75% of water, and all creatures need water
to survive. Among the surface water, 97% is saline while only 3% is freshwater
where two-thirds of the freshwater exist in the form of glaciers or ice caps. The rest
of the freshwater is unfrozen groundwater, and aboveground water. Freshwater is a
renewable resource, yet the world’s supply of groundwater is steadily decreasing,
with depletion occurring most prominently in the whole world which is threatening
our survival in the near future. In this chapter, therefore, a detailed strategic investigation of natural water resources has been done to conserve and recycle water more
efficiently for ultimate global sustainability in water perplexity.
Keywords Natural water resources · Transpiration · Water vapor · Static
electricity force · Potable water · Wastewater · Photocatalytic · Nanotechnology ·
UV technology · Renewable water engineering
Introduction
The conventional water (H 2 O) harvesting by groundwater extraction and digging of
ponds, lakes, and canals is clarified in order to conserve water naturally for our daily
lives to run our domestic, agricultural, industrial, and recreational operation properly. This is the most indispensable natural element on earth which is an inorganic
compound, represented as liquid with attributes of tastelessness, odorlessness, and
nearly colorlessness with a little bit blue under normal condition. It is the simplest
hydrogen chalcogenide molecule which is described as a universal solvent because
of its ability to dissolve many substances, e.g., many salts, sugar, simple alcohols,
proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, oxygen, and carbon dioxide [1–3]. Therefore,
water molecule is called a polar molecule with an electrical dipole because of its
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. F. Hossain, Global Sustainability in Energy, Building, Infrastructure,
Transportation, and Water Technology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62376-0_12
Chapter 12
Potable Water
Abstract Water is a natural resource which is used globally for domestic, agricultural, industrial, recreational, and environmental activities. All living things require
water to survive and thus it is said that water means life and life means water. The
earth surface consists of 25% of land and 75% of water, and all creatures need water
to survive. Among the surface water, 97% is saline while only 3% is freshwater
where two-thirds of the freshwater exist in the form of glaciers or ice caps. The rest
of the freshwater is unfrozen groundwater, and aboveground water. Freshwater is a
renewable resource, yet the world’s supply of groundwater is steadily decreasing,
with depletion occurring most prominently in the whole world which is threatening
our survival in the near future. In this chapter, therefore, a detailed strategic investigation of natural water resources has been done to conserve and recycle water more
efficiently for ultimate global sustainability in water perplexity.
Keywords Natural water resources · Transpiration · Water vapor · Static
electricity force · Potable water · Wastewater · Photocatalytic · Nanotechnology ·
UV technology · Renewable water engineering
Introduction
The conventional water (H 2 O) harvesting by groundwater extraction and digging of
ponds, lakes, and canals is clarified in order to conserve water naturally for our daily
lives to run our domestic, agricultural, industrial, and recreational operation properly. This is the most indispensable natural element on earth which is an inorganic
compound, represented as liquid with attributes of tastelessness, odorlessness, and
nearly colorlessness with a little bit blue under normal condition. It is the simplest
hydrogen chalcogenide molecule which is described as a universal solvent because
of its ability to dissolve many substances, e.g., many salts, sugar, simple alcohols,
proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, oxygen, and carbon dioxide [1–3]. Therefore,
water molecule is called a polar molecule with an electrical dipole because of its