111
Design of PV Panel
To determine the highest transformation rate of solar power, structurally sound and
durable photovoltaic (PV) panel consisting of nanocrystalline materials and films is
utilized which is in fact the exterior curtain wall skin of the building [29–31].
Necessarily, both uniform and concentrated wind load-bearing capacity resistances
are acquainted to install a technically sound photovoltaic (PV) panel to confirm that
it is sufficiently able to ensure itself and work normally under tempest condition. In
order to confirm that the tornado-resistant PV panel is installed, the structural calculation has been conducted considering the accurate the wind load protection capacity (F6 tornado level; 379 mile/h) as expressed in the following equation:
p
Cv
w
pr
0 5
2
. U
(6.15)
Here p w denotes the wind load in pascal (Pa), ρ denotes the air density (kg/m
3
),
C p denotes the wind force cofactor, and v r
2 denotes the wind speed (m/s) at building height.
Since the optimum air density is 1.2 kg/m
3
, the wind force cofactor is 1.00, and
stagnation force of the wind is half (½) of the density of the air, the final equation of
P w = 0.5 × 1.2 kg/m
3
× 379
2
m/s is 86,185 Pa and the total wind force can be
expressed as F = area × drag coefficient × stagnation pressure by the following
equation:
F
u u
1
10 86 185 86 185 8788
19 375
2
m
N
kgf
ibf
.
,
,
,
(6.16)
Once the tornado type 6 level wind load resistance capability of acting PV panel
limit has been finalized, then the PV is acquainted with sophistication by characterizing various directional angles considering the Cartesian coordinate system, where
x denotes the skyline convention, y denotes the east-west, and z denotes the zenith
in order to trap the maximum solar irradiance during the day the entire year
(Fig. 6.3). The position of the celestial body in this framework is thus chosen by h
which denotes height and A denotes the azimuth angle while the central framework
is utilized as the convention factor which is z hub. It focuses toward the North Pole,
and the y hub indistinguishably focuses on the horizon of the skylight, and x pivot
opposite to both of North Pole and horizon. Therefore, the angles and coordinate
frequencies are encountered mathematically by calculating the latitude and longitude in order to implement correct angles to trap the solar irradiance most efficiently. Here, the zero point of latitude is considered the primary meridian which
controls the function of meridian of Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
angle of the active PV panel and so the north of the equator is the Northern
Hemisphere and south of the equator is the Southern Hemisphere that are also controlled by this PV panel to trap solar energy more efficiently. Finally, the δ and ω
point hours are clarified accurately considering this analytical Cartesian coordinates
in order to decide the position of solar irradiance vector in order to clarify the light
Design of PV Panel
Design of PV Panel
To determine the highest transformation rate of solar power, structurally sound and
durable photovoltaic (PV) panel consisting of nanocrystalline materials and films is
utilized which is in fact the exterior curtain wall skin of the building [29–31].
Necessarily, both uniform and concentrated wind load-bearing capacity resistances
are acquainted to install a technically sound photovoltaic (PV) panel to confirm that
it is sufficiently able to ensure itself and work normally under tempest condition. In
order to confirm that the tornado-resistant PV panel is installed, the structural calculation has been conducted considering the accurate the wind load protection capacity (F6 tornado level; 379 mile/h) as expressed in the following equation:
p
Cv
w
pr
0 5
2
. U
(6.15)
Here p w denotes the wind load in pascal (Pa), ρ denotes the air density (kg/m
3
),
C p denotes the wind force cofactor, and v r
2 denotes the wind speed (m/s) at building height.
Since the optimum air density is 1.2 kg/m
3
, the wind force cofactor is 1.00, and
stagnation force of the wind is half (½) of the density of the air, the final equation of
P w = 0.5 × 1.2 kg/m
3
× 379
2
m/s is 86,185 Pa and the total wind force can be
expressed as F = area × drag coefficient × stagnation pressure by the following
equation:
F
u u
1
10 86 185 86 185 8788
19 375
2
m
N
kgf
ibf
.
,
,
,
(6.16)
Once the tornado type 6 level wind load resistance capability of acting PV panel
limit has been finalized, then the PV is acquainted with sophistication by characterizing various directional angles considering the Cartesian coordinate system, where
x denotes the skyline convention, y denotes the east-west, and z denotes the zenith
in order to trap the maximum solar irradiance during the day the entire year
(Fig. 6.3). The position of the celestial body in this framework is thus chosen by h
which denotes height and A denotes the azimuth angle while the central framework
is utilized as the convention factor which is z hub. It focuses toward the North Pole,
and the y hub indistinguishably focuses on the horizon of the skylight, and x pivot
opposite to both of North Pole and horizon. Therefore, the angles and coordinate
frequencies are encountered mathematically by calculating the latitude and longitude in order to implement correct angles to trap the solar irradiance most efficiently. Here, the zero point of latitude is considered the primary meridian which
controls the function of meridian of Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
angle of the active PV panel and so the north of the equator is the Northern
Hemisphere and south of the equator is the Southern Hemisphere that are also controlled by this PV panel to trap solar energy more efficiently. Finally, the δ and ω
point hours are clarified accurately considering this analytical Cartesian coordinates
in order to decide the position of solar irradiance vector in order to clarify the light
Design of PV Panel