106
conventional energy. Simply the utilization of fossil fuel by the building sector in
the year 2018 was 2.236 × 10
20
EJ which was responsible for creating 8.01 × 10
11
tons of CO 2 into the atmosphere and accordingly accounted for 40% of climate
change [3–5]. Consequently, adverse environmental impacts such as acid precipitation, stratospheric ozone depletion, and massive diurnal temperature fluctuation are
occurring unpredictably [6, 7]. Recent study shows that the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 amount is 400 ppm which needs to be lowered to a standard- level grade
of 300 ppm CO 2 for clean breathing and healthy respiratory system for all mammals
[8, 9]. Unfortunately, the consumption of conventional energy by the building sector is still accelerating rapidly throughout the world; the situation shall remain
unchanged until an advanced technology is developed to utilize sustainable energy.
Simply it is an urgent demand to develop sustainable building technology to mitigate fossil fuel consumption where the “building sector that fulfills the needs of the
current without compromising the ability of future demand of energy to fulfill the
complete needs.” Hence, the solar radiation capture by a smart building design can
be an interesting idea to fulfill the net energy requirement for a building. Recent
study revealed that the average energy density of solar energy on the surface of the
earth is 1366 W/m
2
where the diameter of the earth is one over 10,000,000 of meridian, respectively, at the North Pole to the equator and the radius of the earth is
(2/π) × 10
7
m, respectively [10, 11]. Therefore, the net energy of solar radiation
reaching earth is 1366 × (4/π) × 10
14
≅ 1.73 × 10
17
W [10, 12]. In detail it can be
explained that a day has 86,400 s, and a year has 365.2422 days in average; thus, the
net solar energy reaching the earth annually is 1.73 × 10
17
× 86,400 × 365.2422 ≅
5.46 × 10
24
J which is equal to 5,460,000 EJ energy annually [10, 13]. If a mere
0.004% of the annual solar energy reaching the earth is used by designing a smart
building technology, it will satisfy the net energy need for the building sector globally which is clean. In this research, therefore, a zero emission of greenhouse gas
(GHG) formation technology by a building has been proposed to level its net energy
need by using building’s exterior curtain wall skin to capture solar energy and convert it into electricity energy. Simultaneously, water supply into the buildings is a
vital part of our daily lives in both urban and rural areas. The tradition water supply
from groundwater and reservoir and filtration systems are indeed technologically
correct but not an interesting technology since groundwater level has been getting
lower during the past several decades which threatens the survival of all living
beings on earth in the near future [14–16]. In this concept, therefore, a natural water
capture mechanism has been proposed to catch urban cloud by applying static electricity force technology to satisfy the daily water demand by designing a smart
building technology. Simply electrostatic force-generating plastic tank is proposed
to construct at all building roofs to catch the cloud by its attraction force. In more
detail it can be explained that H 2 O molecule consists of positive and negative
charges and its electrons are ended up with electrostatic force which is a positive
charge; while the H 2 O electrostatic force bears the positive charge (+ve) and H 2 O
molecules contain the negative charge (−ve) on one side, the +ve charge and −ve
negative charge pull each other resulting in the +ve charge tugging the water to
come down to accumulate into the tank. This cloud water can be treated in situ to
6 Smart Building Technology
conventional energy. Simply the utilization of fossil fuel by the building sector in
the year 2018 was 2.236 × 10
20
EJ which was responsible for creating 8.01 × 10
11
tons of CO 2 into the atmosphere and accordingly accounted for 40% of climate
change [3–5]. Consequently, adverse environmental impacts such as acid precipitation, stratospheric ozone depletion, and massive diurnal temperature fluctuation are
occurring unpredictably [6, 7]. Recent study shows that the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 amount is 400 ppm which needs to be lowered to a standard- level grade
of 300 ppm CO 2 for clean breathing and healthy respiratory system for all mammals
[8, 9]. Unfortunately, the consumption of conventional energy by the building sector is still accelerating rapidly throughout the world; the situation shall remain
unchanged until an advanced technology is developed to utilize sustainable energy.
Simply it is an urgent demand to develop sustainable building technology to mitigate fossil fuel consumption where the “building sector that fulfills the needs of the
current without compromising the ability of future demand of energy to fulfill the
complete needs.” Hence, the solar radiation capture by a smart building design can
be an interesting idea to fulfill the net energy requirement for a building. Recent
study revealed that the average energy density of solar energy on the surface of the
earth is 1366 W/m
2
where the diameter of the earth is one over 10,000,000 of meridian, respectively, at the North Pole to the equator and the radius of the earth is
(2/π) × 10
7
m, respectively [10, 11]. Therefore, the net energy of solar radiation
reaching earth is 1366 × (4/π) × 10
14
≅ 1.73 × 10
17
W [10, 12]. In detail it can be
explained that a day has 86,400 s, and a year has 365.2422 days in average; thus, the
net solar energy reaching the earth annually is 1.73 × 10
17
× 86,400 × 365.2422 ≅
5.46 × 10
24
J which is equal to 5,460,000 EJ energy annually [10, 13]. If a mere
0.004% of the annual solar energy reaching the earth is used by designing a smart
building technology, it will satisfy the net energy need for the building sector globally which is clean. In this research, therefore, a zero emission of greenhouse gas
(GHG) formation technology by a building has been proposed to level its net energy
need by using building’s exterior curtain wall skin to capture solar energy and convert it into electricity energy. Simultaneously, water supply into the buildings is a
vital part of our daily lives in both urban and rural areas. The tradition water supply
from groundwater and reservoir and filtration systems are indeed technologically
correct but not an interesting technology since groundwater level has been getting
lower during the past several decades which threatens the survival of all living
beings on earth in the near future [14–16]. In this concept, therefore, a natural water
capture mechanism has been proposed to catch urban cloud by applying static electricity force technology to satisfy the daily water demand by designing a smart
building technology. Simply electrostatic force-generating plastic tank is proposed
to construct at all building roofs to catch the cloud by its attraction force. In more
detail it can be explained that H 2 O molecule consists of positive and negative
charges and its electrons are ended up with electrostatic force which is a positive
charge; while the H 2 O electrostatic force bears the positive charge (+ve) and H 2 O
molecules contain the negative charge (−ve) on one side, the +ve charge and −ve
negative charge pull each other resulting in the +ve charge tugging the water to
come down to accumulate into the tank. This cloud water can be treated in situ to
6 Smart Building Technology