175
© Springer Nature B.V. 2020
G. Sindona et al. (eds.), Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents, NATO Science
for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2041-8_11
Chapter 11
Defense Against Biological Terrorism:
Vaccines and Their Characterizations
Mauro Bologna, Abanoub Mikhael, Ilaria Bologna, and Joseph H. Banoub
Abstract This chapter presents an introduction to infective diseases and potential
biological agents that could potentially be used for bioterrorism. Technical brief
description of the possible treatments and preventions of these biothreats is presented with emphasis placed on the principles of immunological defenses, vaccination, and preparation of vaccines. In principle, various types of vaccines that are
commercially used as “antibacterial or anticancer vaccines” can be produced using
various types of antigenic carbohydrate haptens containing relevant epitopes. This
review highlights the strategies used for the characterization of such synthetic neoglycoconjugate vaccines used as a means of protection against biothreats. A complete mass spectrometry-based strategy for validating the preparations of the
neoglycoconjugate vaccine is presented.
Keywords Biological agents · Toxins · Poisons · Immunology · Vaccines ·
Neoglycoconjugates · Mass spectrometry
M. Bologna · I. Bologna
General Pathology, Department of Medicine, Health, Life and Environmental Sciences,
Medical School and Biological Sciences School, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
A. Mikhael
Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
J. H. Banoub (*)
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Special Projects, St John’s,
NL, Canada
Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
e-mail: joe.banoub@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
© Springer Nature B.V. 2020
G. Sindona et al. (eds.), Toxic Chemical and Biological Agents, NATO Science
for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2041-8_11
Chapter 11
Defense Against Biological Terrorism:
Vaccines and Their Characterizations
Mauro Bologna, Abanoub Mikhael, Ilaria Bologna, and Joseph H. Banoub
Abstract This chapter presents an introduction to infective diseases and potential
biological agents that could potentially be used for bioterrorism. Technical brief
description of the possible treatments and preventions of these biothreats is presented with emphasis placed on the principles of immunological defenses, vaccination, and preparation of vaccines. In principle, various types of vaccines that are
commercially used as “antibacterial or anticancer vaccines” can be produced using
various types of antigenic carbohydrate haptens containing relevant epitopes. This
review highlights the strategies used for the characterization of such synthetic neoglycoconjugate vaccines used as a means of protection against biothreats. A complete mass spectrometry-based strategy for validating the preparations of the
neoglycoconjugate vaccine is presented.
Keywords Biological agents · Toxins · Poisons · Immunology · Vaccines ·
Neoglycoconjugates · Mass spectrometry
M. Bologna · I. Bologna
General Pathology, Department of Medicine, Health, Life and Environmental Sciences,
Medical School and Biological Sciences School, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
A. Mikhael
Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
J. H. Banoub (*)
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Special Projects, St John’s,
NL, Canada
Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, NL, Canada
e-mail: joe.banoub@dfo-mpo.gc.ca