171
male reproduction. This priority also corresponds with a strong societal demand.
Indeed, humans are exposed to an array of chemicals which might antagonize or
agonize each other [69, 70]. Societies now aim at a full understanding of the
impact of environmental toxicants on the reproductive system and scientists have
legitimately seized the issue.
References
1. Dick S, Friend A, Dynes K, AlKandari F, Doust E, Cowie H, Ayres JG, Turner SW (2014)
A systematic review of associations between environmental exposures and development of
asthma in children aged up to 9 years. BMJ Open 4(11):e006554
2. Kabir ER, Rahman MS, Rahman I (2015) A review on endocrine disruptors and their possible
impacts on human health. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 40(1):241–258
3. Kalkbrenner AE, Schmidt RJ, Penlesky AC (2014) Environmental chemical exposures and
autism spectrum disorders: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Curr Probl Pediatr
Adolesc Health Care 44(10):277–318
4. Kravchenko J, Corsini E, Williams MA, Decker W, Manjili MH, Otsuki T, Singh N, Al-Mulla
F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Colacci AM, Vaccari M, Mondello C, Scovassi AI, Raju J,
Hamid RA, Memeo L, Forte S, Roy R, Woodrick J, Salem HK, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Bisson
WH, Lowe L, Lyerly HK (2015) Chemical compounds from anthropogenic environment and
immune evasion mechanisms: potential interactions. Carcinogenesis 36(Suppl 1):S111–S127
5. Thompson PA, Khatami M, Baglole CJ, Sun J, Harris SA, Moon EY, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi
R, Brown DG, Colacci A, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N,
Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Hamid RA, Lowe L, Guarnieri
T, Bisson WH (2015) Environmental immune disruptors, inflammation and cancer risk.
Carcinogenesis 36(Suppl 1):S232–S253
6. Zeliger HI (2013) Exposure to lipophilic chemicals as a cause of neurological impairments, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Interdiscip Toxicol
6(3):103–110
7. Parasuraman S (2011) Toxicological screening. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2(2):74–79
8. Jones RL, Lang SA, Kendziorski JA, Greene AD, Burns KA (2018) Use of a mouse model of
experimentally induced endometriosis to evaluate and compare the effects of Bisphenol A and
Bisphenol AF exposure. Environ Health Perspect 126(12):127004
9. Leblond CP, Clermont Y (1952) Definition of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 55(4):548–573
10. Clermont Y (1972) Kinetics of spermatogenesis in mammals: seminiferous epithelium cycle
and spermatogonial renewal. Physiol Rev 52(1):198–236
11. Parvinen M (1982) Regulation of the seminiferous epithelium. Endocr Rev 3(4):404–417
12. Hess RA, Renato de Franca L (2008) Spermatogenesis and cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Adv Exp Med Biol 636:1–15
13. De Kretser DM, Kerr JB (1988) The cytology of the testis. In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) The
physiology of reproduction. Raven Press, New York, pp 837–932
14. Muciaccia B, Boitani C, Berloco BP, Nudo F, Spadetta G, Stefanini M, de Rooij DG, Vicini E
(2013) Novel stage classification of human spermatogenesis based on acrosome development.
Biol Reprod 89(3):60
15. Perey B, Clermont Y, Leblond CP (1961) The wave of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat.
Am J Anatomy 108:47–77
16. Ploen L, Setchell BP (1992) Blood-testis barriers revisited. A homage to Lennart Nicander. Int
J Androl 15(1):1–4
10 An Overview of Male Reproductive Toxicants: Facts and Opinions
male reproduction. This priority also corresponds with a strong societal demand.
Indeed, humans are exposed to an array of chemicals which might antagonize or
agonize each other [69, 70]. Societies now aim at a full understanding of the
impact of environmental toxicants on the reproductive system and scientists have
legitimately seized the issue.
References
1. Dick S, Friend A, Dynes K, AlKandari F, Doust E, Cowie H, Ayres JG, Turner SW (2014)
A systematic review of associations between environmental exposures and development of
asthma in children aged up to 9 years. BMJ Open 4(11):e006554
2. Kabir ER, Rahman MS, Rahman I (2015) A review on endocrine disruptors and their possible
impacts on human health. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 40(1):241–258
3. Kalkbrenner AE, Schmidt RJ, Penlesky AC (2014) Environmental chemical exposures and
autism spectrum disorders: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Curr Probl Pediatr
Adolesc Health Care 44(10):277–318
4. Kravchenko J, Corsini E, Williams MA, Decker W, Manjili MH, Otsuki T, Singh N, Al-Mulla
F, Al-Temaimi R, Amedei A, Colacci AM, Vaccari M, Mondello C, Scovassi AI, Raju J,
Hamid RA, Memeo L, Forte S, Roy R, Woodrick J, Salem HK, Ryan EP, Brown DG, Bisson
WH, Lowe L, Lyerly HK (2015) Chemical compounds from anthropogenic environment and
immune evasion mechanisms: potential interactions. Carcinogenesis 36(Suppl 1):S111–S127
5. Thompson PA, Khatami M, Baglole CJ, Sun J, Harris SA, Moon EY, Al-Mulla F, Al-Temaimi
R, Brown DG, Colacci A, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N,
Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Hamid RA, Lowe L, Guarnieri
T, Bisson WH (2015) Environmental immune disruptors, inflammation and cancer risk.
Carcinogenesis 36(Suppl 1):S232–S253
6. Zeliger HI (2013) Exposure to lipophilic chemicals as a cause of neurological impairments, neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Interdiscip Toxicol
6(3):103–110
7. Parasuraman S (2011) Toxicological screening. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2(2):74–79
8. Jones RL, Lang SA, Kendziorski JA, Greene AD, Burns KA (2018) Use of a mouse model of
experimentally induced endometriosis to evaluate and compare the effects of Bisphenol A and
Bisphenol AF exposure. Environ Health Perspect 126(12):127004
9. Leblond CP, Clermont Y (1952) Definition of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 55(4):548–573
10. Clermont Y (1972) Kinetics of spermatogenesis in mammals: seminiferous epithelium cycle
and spermatogonial renewal. Physiol Rev 52(1):198–236
11. Parvinen M (1982) Regulation of the seminiferous epithelium. Endocr Rev 3(4):404–417
12. Hess RA, Renato de Franca L (2008) Spermatogenesis and cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Adv Exp Med Biol 636:1–15
13. De Kretser DM, Kerr JB (1988) The cytology of the testis. In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) The
physiology of reproduction. Raven Press, New York, pp 837–932
14. Muciaccia B, Boitani C, Berloco BP, Nudo F, Spadetta G, Stefanini M, de Rooij DG, Vicini E
(2013) Novel stage classification of human spermatogenesis based on acrosome development.
Biol Reprod 89(3):60
15. Perey B, Clermont Y, Leblond CP (1961) The wave of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat.
Am J Anatomy 108:47–77
16. Ploen L, Setchell BP (1992) Blood-testis barriers revisited. A homage to Lennart Nicander. Int
J Androl 15(1):1–4
10 An Overview of Male Reproductive Toxicants: Facts and Opinions