9
Applications to Special States
of Thermodynamic Equilibrium:
Gibbsian Thermodynamics for Physical
and Chemical Applications
Abstract
Gibbs demonstrated in 1878 that the entropy principle (introduced 1865) can be
a foundation for the general theory of thermodynamic equilibrium as he noted,
“…the general increase of entropy which accompanies the changes occurring in
any isolated material system [suggests] that when the entropy of the system has
reached a maximum, the system will be in a state of equilibrium.” Such extreme
principle has already been discussed in Chap. 7. This chapter provides a more
complete but condensed treatment of Gibbsian equilibrium thermodynamics.
Though this chapter is not the core of this book, it is noted that its material is
easy to grasp due to the mathematical elegance of the content and every engineer
(target reader of the book) can benefit from its mastery.
Keywords
Fundamental functions of state (e.g., Gibbs U-V-S surface) Á Open systems Á
Multicomponent closed systems Á Gibbsian thermodynamics Á The Euler
equation Á Maxwell relations Á Basic tools for determining thermodynamic
functions Á Chemical reaction and combustion Á Enthalpy of formation Á
Chemical equilibrium
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L.-S. Wang, A Treatise of Heat and Energy, Mechanical Engineering Series,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05746-6_9
235
Applications to Special States
of Thermodynamic Equilibrium:
Gibbsian Thermodynamics for Physical
and Chemical Applications
Abstract
Gibbs demonstrated in 1878 that the entropy principle (introduced 1865) can be
a foundation for the general theory of thermodynamic equilibrium as he noted,
“…the general increase of entropy which accompanies the changes occurring in
any isolated material system [suggests] that when the entropy of the system has
reached a maximum, the system will be in a state of equilibrium.” Such extreme
principle has already been discussed in Chap. 7. This chapter provides a more
complete but condensed treatment of Gibbsian equilibrium thermodynamics.
Though this chapter is not the core of this book, it is noted that its material is
easy to grasp due to the mathematical elegance of the content and every engineer
(target reader of the book) can benefit from its mastery.
Keywords
Fundamental functions of state (e.g., Gibbs U-V-S surface) Á Open systems Á
Multicomponent closed systems Á Gibbsian thermodynamics Á The Euler
equation Á Maxwell relations Á Basic tools for determining thermodynamic
functions Á Chemical reaction and combustion Á Enthalpy of formation Á
Chemical equilibrium
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
L.-S. Wang, A Treatise of Heat and Energy, Mechanical Engineering Series,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05746-6_9
235