80
44. W. Sheng, H.A. Gasteiger, Y. Shao-Horn, Hydrogen oxidation and evolution reaction kinetics on platinum: Acid vs alkaline electrolytes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 157(11), B1529–B1536
(2010)
45. S. Lu, J. Pan, A. Huang, L. Zhuang, J. Lu, Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells completely
free from noble metal catalysts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105(52), 20611–20614 (2008)
46. J.X. Wang, S.R. Brankovic, R.R. Adzic, Pt submonolayers on Ru nanoparticles – A novel
low Pt loading, high CO tolerance fuel cell electrocatalyst. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 4,
A217–A220 (2001)
47. K. Sasaki, J.X. Wang, M. Balasubramanian, J. McBreen, F. Uribe, R.R. Adzic, Ultra-low
platinum content fuel cell anode electrocatalyst with a long-term performance stability.
Electrochim. Acta 49, 3873–3877 (2004)
48. Z. Liu, G.S. Jackson, B.W. Eichhorn, PtSn intermetallic, core-shell, and alloy nanoparticles as
CO-tolerant electrocatalysts for H2 oxidation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49, 3173–3176 (2010)
49. H. Uchida, K. Izumi, K. Aoki, M. Watanabe, Temperature-dependence of hydrogen oxidation reaction rates and CO-tolerance at carbon-supported Pt, Pt-Co, and Pt-Ru catalysts. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 1771–1779 (2009)
50. Y.H. Cho, B. Choi, Y.H. Cho, H.S. Park, Y.E. Sung, Pd-based PdPt(19: 1)/C electrocatalyst as
an electrode in PEM fuel cell. Electrochem. Commun. 9, 378–381 (2007)
51. K. Sasaki, K.A. Kuttiyiel, L. Barrio, D. Su, A.I. Frenkel, N. Marinkovic, D. Mahajan,
R.R. Adzic, Carbon-supported IrNi core-shell nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and
catalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 9894–9902 (2011)
52. A. Hamnett, Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals
and Survey of Systems, ed. by W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, H. Gasteiger, vol. 1, (Wiley, Chichester,
2003), pp. 305–322. (Chap 18)
53. T. Iwasita, F. Nart, W. Vielsctich, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 94, 1030–1034 (1990)
54. A. Kabbabi, R. Faure, R. Durand, B. Beden, F. Hahn, J.-M. Léger, C. Lamy, In situ FTIRS study
of the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol at platinum- ruthenium bulk
alloy electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 444, 41–53 (1998)
55. E.M. Belgsir, H. Huser, J.-M. Leger, C. Lamy, A kinetic analysis of the oxidation of methanol
at platinum-based electrodes by quantitative determination of the reaction products using liquid chromatography. J. Electroanal. Chem. 225, 281–286 (1987)
56. H.A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P.N. Ross, E.J. Cairns, Methanol electroxidation on wellcharacterized Pt-Ru alloys. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 12020–12029 (1993)
57. M. Watanabe, S. Motoo, Electrocatalysis by ad-atoms. 2. Enhancement of oxidation of methanol on platinum by ruthenium ad-atoms. J. Electroanal. Chem. 60, 267–283 (1975)
58. S. Mukerjee, R.C. Urian, Bifunctionality in Pt alloy nanocluster electrocatalysis for enhanced
methanol oxidation and CO tolerance in PEM fuel cells: Electrochemical and in situ synchrotron spectroscopy. Electrochim. Acta 47(19), 3219–3231 (2002)
59. W. Chrzanowski, A. Wieckowski, Ultrathin films of ruthenium on low index platinum single
crystal surfaces: An electrochemical study. Langmuir 13, 5974–5978 (1997)
60. C.H. Chen, L.S. Sarma, D.Y. Wang, F.J. Lai, C.C. Al Andra, S.H. Chang, D.G. Liu, C.C. Chen,
J.F. Lee, B.J. Hwang, Platinum-decorated ruthenium nanoparticles for enhanced methanol
electrooxidation. ChemCatChem 2, 159–166 (2010)
61. K. Sasaki, R.R. Adzic, Monolayer-level Ru- and NbO2-supported platinum electrocatalysts
for methanol oxidation. J. Electrochem. Soc. 105, B180–B186 (2008)
62. J.X. Wang, S.R. Brankovic, Y. Zhu, J.C. Hanson, R.R. Adzic, Kinetic characterization
of PtRu fuel cell anode catalysts made by spontaneous Pt deposition on Ru nanoparticles.
J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, A1108–A1117 (2003)
63. C. Lamy, C. Coutanceau, J.-M. Leger, The direct ethanol fuel cell: A challenge to convert
bioethanol cleanly into electric energy, in Catalysis for Sustainable Energy Production, ed. by
P. Barbaro, C. Bianchini, (WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. kGaA, Weinheim, 2009)
64. G.A. Camara, T. Iwasita, Parallel pathways of ethanol oxidation: The effect of ethanol concentration. J. Electroanal. Chem. 578, 315–321 (2005)
6 Important Electrocatalytic Reactions
44. W. Sheng, H.A. Gasteiger, Y. Shao-Horn, Hydrogen oxidation and evolution reaction kinetics on platinum: Acid vs alkaline electrolytes. J. Electrochem. Soc. 157(11), B1529–B1536
(2010)
45. S. Lu, J. Pan, A. Huang, L. Zhuang, J. Lu, Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells completely
free from noble metal catalysts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105(52), 20611–20614 (2008)
46. J.X. Wang, S.R. Brankovic, R.R. Adzic, Pt submonolayers on Ru nanoparticles – A novel
low Pt loading, high CO tolerance fuel cell electrocatalyst. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 4,
A217–A220 (2001)
47. K. Sasaki, J.X. Wang, M. Balasubramanian, J. McBreen, F. Uribe, R.R. Adzic, Ultra-low
platinum content fuel cell anode electrocatalyst with a long-term performance stability.
Electrochim. Acta 49, 3873–3877 (2004)
48. Z. Liu, G.S. Jackson, B.W. Eichhorn, PtSn intermetallic, core-shell, and alloy nanoparticles as
CO-tolerant electrocatalysts for H2 oxidation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 49, 3173–3176 (2010)
49. H. Uchida, K. Izumi, K. Aoki, M. Watanabe, Temperature-dependence of hydrogen oxidation reaction rates and CO-tolerance at carbon-supported Pt, Pt-Co, and Pt-Ru catalysts. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 11, 1771–1779 (2009)
50. Y.H. Cho, B. Choi, Y.H. Cho, H.S. Park, Y.E. Sung, Pd-based PdPt(19: 1)/C electrocatalyst as
an electrode in PEM fuel cell. Electrochem. Commun. 9, 378–381 (2007)
51. K. Sasaki, K.A. Kuttiyiel, L. Barrio, D. Su, A.I. Frenkel, N. Marinkovic, D. Mahajan,
R.R. Adzic, Carbon-supported IrNi core-shell nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and
catalytic activity. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 9894–9902 (2011)
52. A. Hamnett, Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), in Handbook of Fuel Cells: Fundamentals
and Survey of Systems, ed. by W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, H. Gasteiger, vol. 1, (Wiley, Chichester,
2003), pp. 305–322. (Chap 18)
53. T. Iwasita, F. Nart, W. Vielsctich, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 94, 1030–1034 (1990)
54. A. Kabbabi, R. Faure, R. Durand, B. Beden, F. Hahn, J.-M. Léger, C. Lamy, In situ FTIRS study
of the electrocatalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol at platinum- ruthenium bulk
alloy electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 444, 41–53 (1998)
55. E.M. Belgsir, H. Huser, J.-M. Leger, C. Lamy, A kinetic analysis of the oxidation of methanol
at platinum-based electrodes by quantitative determination of the reaction products using liquid chromatography. J. Electroanal. Chem. 225, 281–286 (1987)
56. H.A. Gasteiger, N. Markovic, P.N. Ross, E.J. Cairns, Methanol electroxidation on wellcharacterized Pt-Ru alloys. J. Phys. Chem. 97, 12020–12029 (1993)
57. M. Watanabe, S. Motoo, Electrocatalysis by ad-atoms. 2. Enhancement of oxidation of methanol on platinum by ruthenium ad-atoms. J. Electroanal. Chem. 60, 267–283 (1975)
58. S. Mukerjee, R.C. Urian, Bifunctionality in Pt alloy nanocluster electrocatalysis for enhanced
methanol oxidation and CO tolerance in PEM fuel cells: Electrochemical and in situ synchrotron spectroscopy. Electrochim. Acta 47(19), 3219–3231 (2002)
59. W. Chrzanowski, A. Wieckowski, Ultrathin films of ruthenium on low index platinum single
crystal surfaces: An electrochemical study. Langmuir 13, 5974–5978 (1997)
60. C.H. Chen, L.S. Sarma, D.Y. Wang, F.J. Lai, C.C. Al Andra, S.H. Chang, D.G. Liu, C.C. Chen,
J.F. Lee, B.J. Hwang, Platinum-decorated ruthenium nanoparticles for enhanced methanol
electrooxidation. ChemCatChem 2, 159–166 (2010)
61. K. Sasaki, R.R. Adzic, Monolayer-level Ru- and NbO2-supported platinum electrocatalysts
for methanol oxidation. J. Electrochem. Soc. 105, B180–B186 (2008)
62. J.X. Wang, S.R. Brankovic, Y. Zhu, J.C. Hanson, R.R. Adzic, Kinetic characterization
of PtRu fuel cell anode catalysts made by spontaneous Pt deposition on Ru nanoparticles.
J. Electrochem. Soc. 150, A1108–A1117 (2003)
63. C. Lamy, C. Coutanceau, J.-M. Leger, The direct ethanol fuel cell: A challenge to convert
bioethanol cleanly into electric energy, in Catalysis for Sustainable Energy Production, ed. by
P. Barbaro, C. Bianchini, (WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. kGaA, Weinheim, 2009)
64. G.A. Camara, T. Iwasita, Parallel pathways of ethanol oxidation: The effect of ethanol concentration. J. Electroanal. Chem. 578, 315–321 (2005)
6 Important Electrocatalytic Reactions