134
8 Energetic Reactions with Hydrocarbons
A
B
Fig. 8.10 A Reactions of V m O n clusters with C 2 H x studied by 26.5 eV soft X-ray laser ionization.
New products of the reaction “V m O n + C 2 H x ” are detected. (a) V m O n cluster distribution generated
with 0.5% O 2 /He expansion gas. Reactant gases, (b) Pure C 2 H 6 (c) Pure C 2 H 4 . (d) Pure C 2 H 2 ,
are added to the flow tube reactor, respectively. B Reactions of V m O n clusters with C 2 H x studied
by 118 nm (10.5 eV) laser ionization. (a) V m O n cluster distribution generated with a 0.5% O 2 /He
expansion gas, and added He gas in the flow tube reactor. Reactant gases, (b) Mixed 5% C 2 H 6 /He,
(c) Mixed 5% C 2 H 4 /He, and (d) Mixed 5%C 2 H 2 /He, are added into flow tube reactor, respectively.
The products detected by 10.5 eV laser are similar to those detected by 26.5 eV soft X-ray laser
ionization. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [145]. Copyright 2008 American Chemical
Society
produce (V 2 O 5 ) n VO 2 CH 2 clusters. In contrast, in the reactions with C 2 H 2 , no C=C
bond cleavage products were observed; instead, a dehydration reaction (i.e., C−H
bond activation) was noted for “VO 3 + C 2 H 2 ” in forming VO 2 C 2 .
Together with first-principle calculations which were employed to have investigated the association reactions for “V m O n + C 2 H x ”, the dominant association reaction
pathways are written as:
V m O n + C 2 H 2 → V m O n C 2 H 2
(8.3)
V m O n + C 2 H 4 → V m O n C 2 H 4
(8.4)
Besides, further studies showed the reactivities of C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4 toward a simple
oxygen-rich vanadium oxide cluster VO 3 using the DFT calculated binding energies,
8 Energetic Reactions with Hydrocarbons
A
B
Fig. 8.10 A Reactions of V m O n clusters with C 2 H x studied by 26.5 eV soft X-ray laser ionization.
New products of the reaction “V m O n + C 2 H x ” are detected. (a) V m O n cluster distribution generated
with 0.5% O 2 /He expansion gas. Reactant gases, (b) Pure C 2 H 6 (c) Pure C 2 H 4 . (d) Pure C 2 H 2 ,
are added to the flow tube reactor, respectively. B Reactions of V m O n clusters with C 2 H x studied
by 118 nm (10.5 eV) laser ionization. (a) V m O n cluster distribution generated with a 0.5% O 2 /He
expansion gas, and added He gas in the flow tube reactor. Reactant gases, (b) Mixed 5% C 2 H 6 /He,
(c) Mixed 5% C 2 H 4 /He, and (d) Mixed 5%C 2 H 2 /He, are added into flow tube reactor, respectively.
The products detected by 10.5 eV laser are similar to those detected by 26.5 eV soft X-ray laser
ionization. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [145]. Copyright 2008 American Chemical
Society
produce (V 2 O 5 ) n VO 2 CH 2 clusters. In contrast, in the reactions with C 2 H 2 , no C=C
bond cleavage products were observed; instead, a dehydration reaction (i.e., C−H
bond activation) was noted for “VO 3 + C 2 H 2 ” in forming VO 2 C 2 .
Together with first-principle calculations which were employed to have investigated the association reactions for “V m O n + C 2 H x ”, the dominant association reaction
pathways are written as:
V m O n + C 2 H 2 → V m O n C 2 H 2
(8.3)
V m O n + C 2 H 4 → V m O n C 2 H 4
(8.4)
Besides, further studies showed the reactivities of C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4 toward a simple
oxygen-rich vanadium oxide cluster VO 3 using the DFT calculated binding energies,