162. Kolosova N, Sherman D, Karlson D, Dudareva N (2001) Cellular and subcellular
localization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, the
enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of the volatile ester methylbenzoate in snapdragon
flowers. Plant Physiol 126:956–964. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.3.956
163. Bünning E (1967) The physiological clock. Springer, New York
164. Hess D (1983) Die Blüte. Ulmer, Stuttgart
165. Hansted L, Jakobsen HB, Olsen CE (1994) Influence of temperature on the rhythmic emission
of volatiles from Ribes nigrum flowers in situ. Plant Cell Environ 17:1069–1072. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02030.x
166. Jakobsen HB, Olsen CE (1994) Influence of climatic factors on emission of flower volatiles
in situ. Planta 192:365–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198572
167. Nielsen JK, Jakobsen HB, Friis P, Hansen K, Møller J, Olsen CE (1995) Asynchronous
rhythms in the emission of volatiles from Hesperis matronalis flowers. Phytochemistry
38:847–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00332-N
168. Schiestl FP, Ayasse M (2001) Post-pollination emission of a repellent compound in a sexually
deceptive orchid: a new mechanism for maximising reproductive success? Oecologia
126:531–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000552
169. Negre F, Kish CM, Boatright J, Underwood B, Shibuya K, Wagner C, Clark DG, Dudareva N
(2003) Regulation of methylbenzoate emission after pollination in snapdragon and petunia
flowers. Plant Cell 15:2992–3006. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.016766
170. Theis N, Raguso RA (2005) The effect of pollination on floral fragrance in thistles. J Chem
Ecol 31:2581–2600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-7615-9
171. Kessler A, Halitschke R (2009) Testing the potential for conflicting selection on floral
chemical traits by pollinators and herbivores: predictions and case study. Funct Ecol
23:901–912. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01639.x
172. Zangerl AR, Berenbaum MR (2009) Effects of florivory on floral volatile emissions and
pollination success in the wild parsnip. Arthropod Plant Interact 3:181–191. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s11829-009-9071-x
173. Kessler D, Diezel C, Baldwin IT (2010) Changing pollinators as a means of escaping
herbivores. Curr Biol 20:237–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.071
174. Pareja M, Qvarfordt E, Webster B, Mayon P, Pickett J, Birkett M, Glinwood R (2012)
Herbivory by a phloem-feeding insect inhibits floral volatile production. PLoS One 7:
e31971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031971
175. Schiestl FP (2014) Correlation analyses between volatiles and glucosinolates show no evidence
for chemical defense signaling in Brassica rapa. Front Ecol Evol 2:1–10. https://doi.org/
10.3389/fevo.2014.00010
176. Roff DA (1997) Evolutionary quantitative genetics. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/
10.1007/978-1-4615-4080-9
177. Kaczorowski RL, Juenger TE, Holtsford TP (2008) Heritability and correlation structure of
nectar and floral morphology traits in Nicotiana alata. Evolution 62:1738–1750. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00400.x
178. Zu P, Blanckenhorn WU, Schiestl FP (2016) Heritability of floral volatiles and pleiotropic
responses to artificial selection in Brassica rapa. New Phytol 209:1208–1219. https://doi.org/
10.1111/nph.13652
179. Gervasi DDL, Schiestl FP (2017) Real-time divergent evolution in plants driven by
pollinators. Nat Commun 8:14691. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14691
180. van der Pijl L, Dodson CH (1996) Orchid flowers: their pollination and evolution. University
of Miami Press, Coral Gables
181. Dressler D (1990) Orchids – natural history and classification, 2nd edn. Harvard University
Press, Cambridge
182. Renner SS (2006) Rewardless flowers in the angiosperms and the role of insect cognition
in their evolution. In: Waser NM, Ollerton J (eds) Plant-pollinator interactions: from
specialization to generalization. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
748
E. D. Tölke et al.
localization of S-adenosyl-L-methionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, the
enzyme responsible for biosynthesis of the volatile ester methylbenzoate in snapdragon
flowers. Plant Physiol 126:956–964. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.3.956
163. Bünning E (1967) The physiological clock. Springer, New York
164. Hess D (1983) Die Blüte. Ulmer, Stuttgart
165. Hansted L, Jakobsen HB, Olsen CE (1994) Influence of temperature on the rhythmic emission
of volatiles from Ribes nigrum flowers in situ. Plant Cell Environ 17:1069–1072. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb02030.x
166. Jakobsen HB, Olsen CE (1994) Influence of climatic factors on emission of flower volatiles
in situ. Planta 192:365–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198572
167. Nielsen JK, Jakobsen HB, Friis P, Hansen K, Møller J, Olsen CE (1995) Asynchronous
rhythms in the emission of volatiles from Hesperis matronalis flowers. Phytochemistry
38:847–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(94)00332-N
168. Schiestl FP, Ayasse M (2001) Post-pollination emission of a repellent compound in a sexually
deceptive orchid: a new mechanism for maximising reproductive success? Oecologia
126:531–534. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420000552
169. Negre F, Kish CM, Boatright J, Underwood B, Shibuya K, Wagner C, Clark DG, Dudareva N
(2003) Regulation of methylbenzoate emission after pollination in snapdragon and petunia
flowers. Plant Cell 15:2992–3006. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.016766
170. Theis N, Raguso RA (2005) The effect of pollination on floral fragrance in thistles. J Chem
Ecol 31:2581–2600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-7615-9
171. Kessler A, Halitschke R (2009) Testing the potential for conflicting selection on floral
chemical traits by pollinators and herbivores: predictions and case study. Funct Ecol
23:901–912. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01639.x
172. Zangerl AR, Berenbaum MR (2009) Effects of florivory on floral volatile emissions and
pollination success in the wild parsnip. Arthropod Plant Interact 3:181–191. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s11829-009-9071-x
173. Kessler D, Diezel C, Baldwin IT (2010) Changing pollinators as a means of escaping
herbivores. Curr Biol 20:237–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.071
174. Pareja M, Qvarfordt E, Webster B, Mayon P, Pickett J, Birkett M, Glinwood R (2012)
Herbivory by a phloem-feeding insect inhibits floral volatile production. PLoS One 7:
e31971. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031971
175. Schiestl FP (2014) Correlation analyses between volatiles and glucosinolates show no evidence
for chemical defense signaling in Brassica rapa. Front Ecol Evol 2:1–10. https://doi.org/
10.3389/fevo.2014.00010
176. Roff DA (1997) Evolutionary quantitative genetics. Springer, New York. https://doi.org/
10.1007/978-1-4615-4080-9
177. Kaczorowski RL, Juenger TE, Holtsford TP (2008) Heritability and correlation structure of
nectar and floral morphology traits in Nicotiana alata. Evolution 62:1738–1750. https://doi.
org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00400.x
178. Zu P, Blanckenhorn WU, Schiestl FP (2016) Heritability of floral volatiles and pleiotropic
responses to artificial selection in Brassica rapa. New Phytol 209:1208–1219. https://doi.org/
10.1111/nph.13652
179. Gervasi DDL, Schiestl FP (2017) Real-time divergent evolution in plants driven by
pollinators. Nat Commun 8:14691. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14691
180. van der Pijl L, Dodson CH (1996) Orchid flowers: their pollination and evolution. University
of Miami Press, Coral Gables
181. Dressler D (1990) Orchids – natural history and classification, 2nd edn. Harvard University
Press, Cambridge
182. Renner SS (2006) Rewardless flowers in the angiosperms and the role of insect cognition
in their evolution. In: Waser NM, Ollerton J (eds) Plant-pollinator interactions: from
specialization to generalization. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
748
E. D. Tölke et al.