224. Costa MJN, Zambolim L, Rodrigues FA (2006) Efeito de níveis de desbaste de frutos do
cafeeiro na incidência da ferrugem, no teor de nutrientes, carboidratos e açúcares redutores.
Fitopatol Bras 31:564–571
225. Bote AD, Struik PC (2012) Effects of shade on growth, production and quality of coffee
(Coffea arabica) in Ethiopia. J Hortic For 3(11):336–341
226. Geromel C, Ferreira LP, Davrieux F, Guyot B, Ribeyre F, Scholz MBS, Pereira LFP, Vaast P,
Pot D, Leroy T, Filho AA, Vieira LGE, Mazzafera P, Marraccini P (2008) Effects of shade on
the development and sugar metabolism of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) fruits. Plant Physiol
Biochem 46:569–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.02.006
227. Silveira SR, Ruas PM, Ruas CF, Sera T, Carvalho VP, Coelho ASG (2003) Assessment of
genetic variability within and among progenies and cultivars of coffee using RAPD markers.
Genet Mol Biol 26:329–336
228. DaMatta FM (2004) Ecophysiological constraints on the production of shaded and unshaded
coffee: a review. Field Crop Res 86:99–114
229. DaMatta FM (2004) Exploring drought tolerance in coffee: a physiological approach with
some insights for plant breeding. Braz J Plant Physiol 16:1–6
230. van Kanten R, Vaast P (2006) Transpiration of Arabica coffee and associated shade tree
species in suboptimal, low-altitude conditions of Costa Rica. Agrofor Syst 67:187–202
231. Jaramillo-Botero C, Silva Santos RH, Prieto Martinez CT, Cecon PR, Fardin MP (2010)
Production and vegetative growth of coffee trees under fertilization and shade levels. Sci
Agric (Piracicaba, Braz) 67(6):639–645
232. Long NV, Ngoc NQ, Dung NN, Kristiansen P, Yunusa I, Fyfe C (2015) The effects of shade
tree types on light variation and Robusta coffee production in Vietnam. Engineering
7:742–753. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2015.711065
233. Beer J, Muschler R, Somarriba E, Kass D (1998) Shade management in coffee and cacao
plantations – a review. Agrofor Syst 38:139–164
234. Beer J (1987) Advantages, disadvantages and desirable characteristics of shade for coffee,
cacao and tea. Agrofor Syst 5:3–13
235. DaMatta FM, Ronchi CP, Maestri MM, Barros RS (2007) Ecophysiology of coffee growth and
production. Braz J Plant Physiol 19(4):485–510
236. López-Bravo DF, Virginio-Filho EDM, Avelino J (2012) Shade is conducive to coffee rust as
compared to full sun exposure under standardized fruit load conditions. Crop Prot 38:21–29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.011
237. Kellermann JL, Johnson MD, Stercho AM, Hackett SC (2008) Ecological and economic services
provided by birds on Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Farms. Conserv Biol 22:1177e1185
238. Armbrecht I, Gallego MC (2007) Testing ant predation on the coffee berry borer in shaded and
sun coffee plantations in Colombia. Entomol Exp Appl 124:261–267
239. Philpott SM, Armbrecht I (2006) Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of
ants and ant diversity in predatory function. Ecol Entomol 31:369–377
240. Mouen Bedimo JA, Njiayouom I, Bieysse D, Nkeng MN, Cilas C, Notteghem JL (2008) Effect
of shade on Arabica coffee berry disease development: toward an agroforestry system to
reduce disease impact. Phytopathology 98:1320e1325
241. Muller RA, Berry D, Avelino J, Bieysse D (2004) Coffee diseases. In: Wintgens JN (ed)
Coffee: growing, processing, sustainable production: a guidebook for growers, processors,
traders, and researchers. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 491e545
242. Avelino J, Cristancho M, Georgiou S, Imbach P, Aguila L, Bornemann G, Läderach P, Anzueto
F, Hruska AJ, Morales C (2015) The coffee rust crises in Colombia and Central America
(2008–2013): impacts, plausible causes and proposed solutions. Food Sec. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s12571-015-0446-9
243. Avelino J, Cabut S, Barboza B, Barquero M, Alfaro R, Esquivel C, Durand JF, Cilas C (2007)
Topography and crop management are key factors for the development of American leaf spot
epidemics on coffee in Costa Rica. Phytopathology 97:1532–1542
244. Avelino J, Willocquet L, Savary S (2004) Effects of crop management patterns on coffee rust
epidemics. Plant Pathol 53:541–547
27 “Coffee Bean-Related” Agroecological Factors Affecting the Coffee
703
cafeeiro na incidência da ferrugem, no teor de nutrientes, carboidratos e açúcares redutores.
Fitopatol Bras 31:564–571
225. Bote AD, Struik PC (2012) Effects of shade on growth, production and quality of coffee
(Coffea arabica) in Ethiopia. J Hortic For 3(11):336–341
226. Geromel C, Ferreira LP, Davrieux F, Guyot B, Ribeyre F, Scholz MBS, Pereira LFP, Vaast P,
Pot D, Leroy T, Filho AA, Vieira LGE, Mazzafera P, Marraccini P (2008) Effects of shade on
the development and sugar metabolism of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) fruits. Plant Physiol
Biochem 46:569–579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.02.006
227. Silveira SR, Ruas PM, Ruas CF, Sera T, Carvalho VP, Coelho ASG (2003) Assessment of
genetic variability within and among progenies and cultivars of coffee using RAPD markers.
Genet Mol Biol 26:329–336
228. DaMatta FM (2004) Ecophysiological constraints on the production of shaded and unshaded
coffee: a review. Field Crop Res 86:99–114
229. DaMatta FM (2004) Exploring drought tolerance in coffee: a physiological approach with
some insights for plant breeding. Braz J Plant Physiol 16:1–6
230. van Kanten R, Vaast P (2006) Transpiration of Arabica coffee and associated shade tree
species in suboptimal, low-altitude conditions of Costa Rica. Agrofor Syst 67:187–202
231. Jaramillo-Botero C, Silva Santos RH, Prieto Martinez CT, Cecon PR, Fardin MP (2010)
Production and vegetative growth of coffee trees under fertilization and shade levels. Sci
Agric (Piracicaba, Braz) 67(6):639–645
232. Long NV, Ngoc NQ, Dung NN, Kristiansen P, Yunusa I, Fyfe C (2015) The effects of shade
tree types on light variation and Robusta coffee production in Vietnam. Engineering
7:742–753. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2015.711065
233. Beer J, Muschler R, Somarriba E, Kass D (1998) Shade management in coffee and cacao
plantations – a review. Agrofor Syst 38:139–164
234. Beer J (1987) Advantages, disadvantages and desirable characteristics of shade for coffee,
cacao and tea. Agrofor Syst 5:3–13
235. DaMatta FM, Ronchi CP, Maestri MM, Barros RS (2007) Ecophysiology of coffee growth and
production. Braz J Plant Physiol 19(4):485–510
236. López-Bravo DF, Virginio-Filho EDM, Avelino J (2012) Shade is conducive to coffee rust as
compared to full sun exposure under standardized fruit load conditions. Crop Prot 38:21–29.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2012.03.011
237. Kellermann JL, Johnson MD, Stercho AM, Hackett SC (2008) Ecological and economic services
provided by birds on Jamaican Blue Mountain Coffee Farms. Conserv Biol 22:1177e1185
238. Armbrecht I, Gallego MC (2007) Testing ant predation on the coffee berry borer in shaded and
sun coffee plantations in Colombia. Entomol Exp Appl 124:261–267
239. Philpott SM, Armbrecht I (2006) Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of
ants and ant diversity in predatory function. Ecol Entomol 31:369–377
240. Mouen Bedimo JA, Njiayouom I, Bieysse D, Nkeng MN, Cilas C, Notteghem JL (2008) Effect
of shade on Arabica coffee berry disease development: toward an agroforestry system to
reduce disease impact. Phytopathology 98:1320e1325
241. Muller RA, Berry D, Avelino J, Bieysse D (2004) Coffee diseases. In: Wintgens JN (ed)
Coffee: growing, processing, sustainable production: a guidebook for growers, processors,
traders, and researchers. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 491e545
242. Avelino J, Cristancho M, Georgiou S, Imbach P, Aguila L, Bornemann G, Läderach P, Anzueto
F, Hruska AJ, Morales C (2015) The coffee rust crises in Colombia and Central America
(2008–2013): impacts, plausible causes and proposed solutions. Food Sec. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s12571-015-0446-9
243. Avelino J, Cabut S, Barboza B, Barquero M, Alfaro R, Esquivel C, Durand JF, Cilas C (2007)
Topography and crop management are key factors for the development of American leaf spot
epidemics on coffee in Costa Rica. Phytopathology 97:1532–1542
244. Avelino J, Willocquet L, Savary S (2004) Effects of crop management patterns on coffee rust
epidemics. Plant Pathol 53:541–547
27 “Coffee Bean-Related” Agroecological Factors Affecting the Coffee
703