Table 2 Weed control through crop rotation, allelopathic mulches, crop residue incorporation, and
cover crops
Weed species
Allelopathic
source
Application
mode
Weed dry
weight
reduction (%) References
Horse purslane
Sorghum
crop
Wheatsorghum-rice
rotation
13.25–25%
reduction in
weed density
in rice
[105]
Purple nutsedge
Sorghum
crop
Wheatsorghum-rice
rotation
5.0–32.1%
reduction in
weed density
in rice
Jungle rice
Sorghum
crop
Wheatsorghum-rice
rotation
10.4–32.2%
reduction in
weed density
in rice
Crowfoot grass
Sorghum
crop
Wheatsorghum-rice
rotation
9.4–23.2%
reduction in
weed density
in rice
Horse purslane
Sunflower +
rice +
brassica
Soil
incorporation
60.1
[106]
Littleseed canarygrass
Kablingparang
(Anisomeles
indica L.)
Dried leaf
and root
powder
mulch
33.9–72.9
[107]
Hoorah grass (Fimbristylis
miliacea (L.) Vahl), common
water clover (Marsilea
quadrifolia L.), Chinese
sprangletop (Leptochloa
chinensis L.), Indian toothcup
(Rotala indica L.),
smallflower umbrella sedge
(Cyperus difformis L.), goose
weed (Sphenoclea zeylanica
Gaertn), Asian spiderwort
(Murdannia keisak Hassk.),
climbing dayflower
(Commelina diffusa Burm. f.),
buffalo grass (Brachiaria
mutica Forssk.), Egyptian
grass (Dactyloctenium
aegyptium (L.) Willd.),
pickerel weed
Hairy
beggarticks
(Bidens
pilosa L.)
Dried
material
applied as
mulch
84.9
[108]
Horse purslane
Sorghum
crop
Applied as
surface
mulch
42.2–48.7%
reduction in
weed density
in rice
[105]
(continued)
552
A. Nawaz et al.