also inhibit the growth, and growth inhibition was more than the aliphatic allyl
isothiocyanate.
2.5
Benzoxazinoids
It is a class of allelochemicals that are derivative of indole. These allelochemicals
act as natural insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. These allelochemicals act
as defense mechanism for Zea mays against numerous pathogens and pests [62].
According to research report, plants belonging to family Poaceae, Acanthaceae,
Ranunculaceae, and Scrophulariaceae release benzoxazinoids. Some examples of
benzoxazinoids are shown in Fig. 4.
Allelopathic potency of Secale cereale (rye) is due to the presence of
benzoxazinone compounds [63]. In one research study, Secale cereale (rye) residue
spread on the soil, and concentration of benzoxazinoids (BX) was determined in soil
after definite interval of time. Two weeks later, concentration of methoxy-containing
benzoxazinoid compounds was dominant. After rye applications, growth inhibition
was recorded for lettuce and smooth pigweed species when treated soils were tested
during the first 2 weeks [64].
2.6
Miscellaneous Compounds
A study was conducted to check the allelopathic effect of Amaranthus retroflexus
aqueous extract (0% and 0.25%) on the wheat and cucumber plants [65].
Result indicates that extract effects on different processes (stomata opening, photosynthetic pigments contents, disrupted the membrane integrity, induction
of oxidative stress) consequently reduced the growth and biomass production
in treated plants. Docosane, triacontane, and ethoxytrimethylsilane are the
Benzoxazoline-2(3H)-one
2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one
2-β-D-glucoside 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one
Fig. 4 Benzoxazinoids found in plants
450
A. Bachheti et al.
isothiocyanate.
2.5
Benzoxazinoids
It is a class of allelochemicals that are derivative of indole. These allelochemicals
act as natural insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. These allelochemicals act
as defense mechanism for Zea mays against numerous pathogens and pests [62].
According to research report, plants belonging to family Poaceae, Acanthaceae,
Ranunculaceae, and Scrophulariaceae release benzoxazinoids. Some examples of
benzoxazinoids are shown in Fig. 4.
Allelopathic potency of Secale cereale (rye) is due to the presence of
benzoxazinone compounds [63]. In one research study, Secale cereale (rye) residue
spread on the soil, and concentration of benzoxazinoids (BX) was determined in soil
after definite interval of time. Two weeks later, concentration of methoxy-containing
benzoxazinoid compounds was dominant. After rye applications, growth inhibition
was recorded for lettuce and smooth pigweed species when treated soils were tested
during the first 2 weeks [64].
2.6
Miscellaneous Compounds
A study was conducted to check the allelopathic effect of Amaranthus retroflexus
aqueous extract (0% and 0.25%) on the wheat and cucumber plants [65].
Result indicates that extract effects on different processes (stomata opening, photosynthetic pigments contents, disrupted the membrane integrity, induction
of oxidative stress) consequently reduced the growth and biomass production
in treated plants. Docosane, triacontane, and ethoxytrimethylsilane are the
Benzoxazoline-2(3H)-one
2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one
2-β-D-glucoside 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one
Fig. 4 Benzoxazinoids found in plants
450
A. Bachheti et al.