It is believed that the pathway of PAL is the main pathway for SA biosynthesis in
saline stress [100] Nicotiana tabacum infected with tobacco mosaic virus [101]. In
addition, CNglcs is believed to play a possible role in unfavorable environmental
conditions [102], which is why MD can potentially play a role in the plant’s
responses.
SA content increased in both control and Phe-treated plants. Salt stress also
increases the levels of ABA and JA in control and Phe-treated plants, but not in
MD plants. In control plants, an SA/JA ratio increased as a result of the salinity
stress, whereas in the MD treated, the SA/JA ratio was slightly decreased. This
response correlates with the fact that sodium stress does not affect the development
of MD-treated plants. ABA is a key modulator of the response to abiotic stress
because of its important role in regulating the closure of the stomata. Furthermore,
JA appears to act as a regulator of ABA biosynthesis [103]. Under physiological
conditions, there was an increase in ABA levels in control plants and Phe-treated
plants, which correlate with a significant increase in JA.
8
Conclusions
Knowledge of the properties and functions of the secondary metabolites as well as
their biosynthetic pathways allows the use of different biostimulants in order to
increase their biosynthesis and hence the resistance of the plants to various stresses
factors. This can be successfully used in modern sustainable agriculture to reduce
pesticide use.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the project N H16/35 granted by the Research
Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, Bulgaria.
References
1. Theis N, Lerdau M (2003) The evolution of function in plant secondary metabolites. Int J Plant
Sci 164(3 Suppl):93–102
2. Bennett MVL, Zheng X, Sogin ML (1994) The connexins and their family tree. Soc Gen
Physiol Ser 49:223–233
3. Raturi RP, Badoni P, Ballabha R (2016) Insecticidal and fungicidal activities of stem bark of
Prunus persica (L.) batsch. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 5(1):1239–1245
4. Benmehdi H, Fellan K, Amrouche A, Memmou F, Malainine H, Dalile H, Wahiba S (2017)
Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity and kinetic behavior of flavonoids fractions isolated
from Prunus persica L. leaves. Asian J Chem 29(1):13–18
5. Ravaglia D, Espley VR, Henry-Kirk RA, Andreotti C, Ziosi V, Hellens RP, Costa G, Allan AC
(2013) Transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in nectarine (Prunus persica) by a
set of R2R3 MYB transcription factors. BMC Plant Biol 13:68
6. Wink M (2016a) Secondary metabolites: deterring herbivores. In: eLS. Wiley, Chichester
7. Ribera AE, Zuñiga G (2012) Induced plant secondary metabolites for phytopathogenic fungi
control: a review. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 12(4):893–911
8. Inderjit S, Weston L (2003) Root exudates: an overview. In: Kroon HD, Visser EJW (eds) Root
ecology, vol 18, 10th edn. Verlag, Berlin, pp 235–250
396
L. Koleva-Valkova and A. Harizanova
saline stress [100] Nicotiana tabacum infected with tobacco mosaic virus [101]. In
addition, CNglcs is believed to play a possible role in unfavorable environmental
conditions [102], which is why MD can potentially play a role in the plant’s
responses.
SA content increased in both control and Phe-treated plants. Salt stress also
increases the levels of ABA and JA in control and Phe-treated plants, but not in
MD plants. In control plants, an SA/JA ratio increased as a result of the salinity
stress, whereas in the MD treated, the SA/JA ratio was slightly decreased. This
response correlates with the fact that sodium stress does not affect the development
of MD-treated plants. ABA is a key modulator of the response to abiotic stress
because of its important role in regulating the closure of the stomata. Furthermore,
JA appears to act as a regulator of ABA biosynthesis [103]. Under physiological
conditions, there was an increase in ABA levels in control plants and Phe-treated
plants, which correlate with a significant increase in JA.
8
Conclusions
Knowledge of the properties and functions of the secondary metabolites as well as
their biosynthetic pathways allows the use of different biostimulants in order to
increase their biosynthesis and hence the resistance of the plants to various stresses
factors. This can be successfully used in modern sustainable agriculture to reduce
pesticide use.
Acknowledgment This work was supported by the project N H16/35 granted by the Research
Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science, Bulgaria.
References
1. Theis N, Lerdau M (2003) The evolution of function in plant secondary metabolites. Int J Plant
Sci 164(3 Suppl):93–102
2. Bennett MVL, Zheng X, Sogin ML (1994) The connexins and their family tree. Soc Gen
Physiol Ser 49:223–233
3. Raturi RP, Badoni P, Ballabha R (2016) Insecticidal and fungicidal activities of stem bark of
Prunus persica (L.) batsch. World J Pharm Pharm Sci 5(1):1239–1245
4. Benmehdi H, Fellan K, Amrouche A, Memmou F, Malainine H, Dalile H, Wahiba S (2017)
Phytochemical study, antioxidant activity and kinetic behavior of flavonoids fractions isolated
from Prunus persica L. leaves. Asian J Chem 29(1):13–18
5. Ravaglia D, Espley VR, Henry-Kirk RA, Andreotti C, Ziosi V, Hellens RP, Costa G, Allan AC
(2013) Transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in nectarine (Prunus persica) by a
set of R2R3 MYB transcription factors. BMC Plant Biol 13:68
6. Wink M (2016a) Secondary metabolites: deterring herbivores. In: eLS. Wiley, Chichester
7. Ribera AE, Zuñiga G (2012) Induced plant secondary metabolites for phytopathogenic fungi
control: a review. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 12(4):893–911
8. Inderjit S, Weston L (2003) Root exudates: an overview. In: Kroon HD, Visser EJW (eds) Root
ecology, vol 18, 10th edn. Verlag, Berlin, pp 235–250
396
L. Koleva-Valkova and A. Harizanova