100. Czeczuga B (1987) The effect of light on the content of photosynthetically active pigments in
plants. VII. Chromatic adaptation in the lichens Peltigera polydactyla and Peltigera rufescens.
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101. Taiz L, Zeiger E (2010) Plant physiology, 5th edn. Sinauer Associates Inc, Sunderland
102. Knecht W, Henseling J, Löffler M (2000) Kinetics of inhibition of human and rat
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by atovaquone, lawsone derivates, brequinar sodium and
polyporic acid. Chem Biol Interact 124:61–76
103. Kraft J, Bauer S, Keilhoff G, Miersch J, Wend D, Riemann D, Hirschelmann R, Holzhausen
HJ, Langner J (1998) Biological effects of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor polyporic acid, a toxic constituent of the mushroom Hapalopilus rutilans, in rats and humans. Arch
Toxicol 72:711–721
104. Burton JF, Cain BF (1959) Antileukaemic activity of polyporic acid. Nature 184:1326–1327
105. Kwak JY, Rhee IK, Lee KB, Hwang JS, Yoo ID, Song KS (1999) Thelephoric acid and
kynapcin-9 in mushroom Polyozellus multiflex inhibit prolyl endopeptidase in vitro. J Microbiol Biotechnol 9:798–803
106. Chung SK, Jeon SY, Kim SK, Kim SI, Kim GS, Kwon SH (2004) Antioxidative effects of
polyozellin and thelephoric acid isolated from Polyzellus multiplex. J Korean Soc Appl Biol
Chem 47:283–286
107. Rao PS, Sarma KG, Seshadri TR (1965) Chemical components of the Lobaria lichens from the
Western Himalayas. Curr Sci India 34:9–11
108. Abo-Khatwa AN, al-Robai AA, al-Jawhari DA (1996) Lichen acids as uncouplers of oxidative
phosphorylation of mouse-liver mitochondria. Nat Toxins 4:96–102
109. Legouin B, Le Dévéhat FL, Ferron S, Rouaud I, Le Pogam P, Cornevin L, Bertrand M, Boustie
J (2017) Specialized metabolites of the lichen Vulpicida pinastri act as photoprotective agents.
Molecules 22:1162
110. Varol M, Turk A, Candan M, Tay T, Koparal AT (2016) Photoprotective activity of vulpinic
and gyrophoric acids toward ultraviolet B-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Phytother
Res 30:9–15
111. Bačkor M, Hudá J, Repčák M, Ziegler W, Bačkorová M (1992) The influence of pH and lichen
metabolites (Vulpinic acid and (+) usnic acid) on the growth of the lichen photobiont
Trebouxia irregularis. Lichenologist 30:577–582
112. Emmerich R, Giez I, Lange OL, Proksch P (1993) Toxicity and antifeedant activity of lichen
compounds against the polyphagous herbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis. Phytochemistry
33:1389–1394
113. Koparal AT (2015) Anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative properties of the lichen substances
(À)-usnic acid and vulpinic acid. Z Naturforsch C 70:159–164
114. Nadal B, Thetiot-Laurent S, Pin S, Renault JP, Cressier D, Rima G, Le Roux A, Meunier S,
Wagner A, Lion C, Le Gall T (2010) Synthesis and antioxidant properties of pulvinic acids
analogoues. Bioorg Med Chem 18:7931–7939
115. Huang YT, Onose J, Abe N, Yoshikawa K (2009) In vitro inhibitory effects of pulvinic acid
derivates isolated from Chinese edible mushrooms, Boletus calopus and Suillus bovinus, on
cytochrome P450 activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 23:855–860
9 Lichen Metabolites: An Overview of Some Secondary Metabolites and Their. . .
209
plants. VII. Chromatic adaptation in the lichens Peltigera polydactyla and Peltigera rufescens.
Phyton 26:201–208
101. Taiz L, Zeiger E (2010) Plant physiology, 5th edn. Sinauer Associates Inc, Sunderland
102. Knecht W, Henseling J, Löffler M (2000) Kinetics of inhibition of human and rat
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase by atovaquone, lawsone derivates, brequinar sodium and
polyporic acid. Chem Biol Interact 124:61–76
103. Kraft J, Bauer S, Keilhoff G, Miersch J, Wend D, Riemann D, Hirschelmann R, Holzhausen
HJ, Langner J (1998) Biological effects of the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor polyporic acid, a toxic constituent of the mushroom Hapalopilus rutilans, in rats and humans. Arch
Toxicol 72:711–721
104. Burton JF, Cain BF (1959) Antileukaemic activity of polyporic acid. Nature 184:1326–1327
105. Kwak JY, Rhee IK, Lee KB, Hwang JS, Yoo ID, Song KS (1999) Thelephoric acid and
kynapcin-9 in mushroom Polyozellus multiflex inhibit prolyl endopeptidase in vitro. J Microbiol Biotechnol 9:798–803
106. Chung SK, Jeon SY, Kim SK, Kim SI, Kim GS, Kwon SH (2004) Antioxidative effects of
polyozellin and thelephoric acid isolated from Polyzellus multiplex. J Korean Soc Appl Biol
Chem 47:283–286
107. Rao PS, Sarma KG, Seshadri TR (1965) Chemical components of the Lobaria lichens from the
Western Himalayas. Curr Sci India 34:9–11
108. Abo-Khatwa AN, al-Robai AA, al-Jawhari DA (1996) Lichen acids as uncouplers of oxidative
phosphorylation of mouse-liver mitochondria. Nat Toxins 4:96–102
109. Legouin B, Le Dévéhat FL, Ferron S, Rouaud I, Le Pogam P, Cornevin L, Bertrand M, Boustie
J (2017) Specialized metabolites of the lichen Vulpicida pinastri act as photoprotective agents.
Molecules 22:1162
110. Varol M, Turk A, Candan M, Tay T, Koparal AT (2016) Photoprotective activity of vulpinic
and gyrophoric acids toward ultraviolet B-induced damage in human keratinocytes. Phytother
Res 30:9–15
111. Bačkor M, Hudá J, Repčák M, Ziegler W, Bačkorová M (1992) The influence of pH and lichen
metabolites (Vulpinic acid and (+) usnic acid) on the growth of the lichen photobiont
Trebouxia irregularis. Lichenologist 30:577–582
112. Emmerich R, Giez I, Lange OL, Proksch P (1993) Toxicity and antifeedant activity of lichen
compounds against the polyphagous herbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis. Phytochemistry
33:1389–1394
113. Koparal AT (2015) Anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative properties of the lichen substances
(À)-usnic acid and vulpinic acid. Z Naturforsch C 70:159–164
114. Nadal B, Thetiot-Laurent S, Pin S, Renault JP, Cressier D, Rima G, Le Roux A, Meunier S,
Wagner A, Lion C, Le Gall T (2010) Synthesis and antioxidant properties of pulvinic acids
analogoues. Bioorg Med Chem 18:7931–7939
115. Huang YT, Onose J, Abe N, Yoshikawa K (2009) In vitro inhibitory effects of pulvinic acid
derivates isolated from Chinese edible mushrooms, Boletus calopus and Suillus bovinus, on
cytochrome P450 activity. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 23:855–860
9 Lichen Metabolites: An Overview of Some Secondary Metabolites and Their. . .
209