specific patterns of species richness and host specialization in plant–herbivore food webs from
a tropical forest. J Anim Ecol 79:1193–1203
43. Miller SE, Darrow K, Basset Y, Weiblen GD, Novotny V (2018) Caterpillars feeding on New
Guinea plants – online. http://www.entu.cas.cz/png/caterpillars/. Accessed 10 Oct 2018
44. Sourakov A, Emmel TC (2001) On the toxic diet of day-flying moths in the Solomon Islands
(Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Trop Lepid Res 12:5–6
45. Wills PJ, Anjana M, Nitin M, Varun R, Sachidanandan P, Jacob TM, Lilly M, Thampan RV,
Varma KK (2016) Population explosions of tiger moth lead to lepidopterism mimicking
infectious fever outbreaks. PLoS One 11:e0152787
46. Cardoso MZ (2008) Herbivore handling of a plant’s trichome: the case of Heliconius
charithonia (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch.
(Passifloraceae). Neotrop Entomol 37:247–252
47. Agrawal AA, Konno K (2009) Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and
evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 40:311–331
48. Konno K, Hirayama C, Nakamura M, Tateishi K, Tamura Y, Hattori M, Kohno K (2004)
Papain protects papaya trees from herbivorous insects: role of cysteine proteases in latex. Plant
J 37:370–378
49. Agrawal AA, Petschenka G, Bingham RA, Weber MG, Rasmann S (2012) Toxic cardenolides:
chemical ecology and coevolution of specialized plant–herbivore interactions. New Phytol
194:28–45
50. Richards LA, Dyer LA, Smilanich AM, Dodson CD (2010) Synergistic effects of amides from
two Piper species on generalist and specialist herbivores. J Chem Ecol 36:1105–1113
51. Bernays EA (1997) Feeding by lepidopteran larvae is dangerous. Ecol Entomol 22:121–123
52. Murphy SM (2004) Enemy-free space maintains swallowtail butterfly host shift. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 101:18048–18052
53. Greeney H, Dyer L, Smilanich A (2012) Feeding by lepidopteran larvae is dangerous: a review
of caterpillars’ chemical, physiological, morphological, and behavioral defenses against natural enemies. Invertebr Surviv J 9:7–34
54. Coley PD, Bateman ML, Kursar TA (2006) The effects of plant quality on caterpillar growth
and defense against natural enemies. Oikos 115:219–228
55. Gentry GL, Dyer LA (2002) On the conditional nature of neotropical caterpillar defenses
against their natural enemies. Ecology 83:3108–3119
56. Oppenheim SJ, Gould F (2002) Behavioral adaptations increase the value of enemy-free space
for Heliothis subflexa, a specialist herbivore. Evolution 56:679–689
57. Pellissier L, Moreira X, Danner H, Serrano M, Salamin N, van Dam NM, Rasmann S (2016)
The simultaneous inducibility of phytochemicals related to plant direct and indirect defences
against herbivores is stronger at low elevation. J Ecol 104:1116–1125
58. Amo L, Jansen JJ, Dam NM, Dicke M, Visser ME (2013) Birds exploit herbivore-induced
plant volatiles to locate herbivorous prey. Ecol Lett 16:1348–1355
59. Barbehenn RV, Jaros A, Lee G, Mozola C, Weir Q, Salminen JP (2009) Tree resistance to
Lymantria dispar caterpillars: importance and limitations of foliar tannin composition.
Oecologia 159:777–788
60. Agrawal AA (1999) Induced responses to herbivory in wild radish: effects on several herbivores and plant fitness. Ecology 80:1713–1723
61. Falk KL, Kästner J, Bodenhausen N, Schramm K, Paetz C, Vassão DG, Reichelt M,
Knorre D, Bergelson J, Erb M (2014) The role of glucosinolates and the jasmonic acid
pathway in resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against molluscan herbivores. Mol Ecol
23:1188–1203
62. Turlings TC, Erb M (2018) Tritrophic interactions mediated by herbivore-induced plant
volatiles: mechanisms, ecological relevance, and application potential. Annu Rev Entomol
63:433–452
63. Vet LE, Wäckers FL, Dicke M (1990) How to hunt for hiding hosts: the
reliability–detectability problem in foraging parasitoids. Neth J Zool 41:202–213
96
M. Volf
a tropical forest. J Anim Ecol 79:1193–1203
43. Miller SE, Darrow K, Basset Y, Weiblen GD, Novotny V (2018) Caterpillars feeding on New
Guinea plants – online. http://www.entu.cas.cz/png/caterpillars/. Accessed 10 Oct 2018
44. Sourakov A, Emmel TC (2001) On the toxic diet of day-flying moths in the Solomon Islands
(Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Trop Lepid Res 12:5–6
45. Wills PJ, Anjana M, Nitin M, Varun R, Sachidanandan P, Jacob TM, Lilly M, Thampan RV,
Varma KK (2016) Population explosions of tiger moth lead to lepidopterism mimicking
infectious fever outbreaks. PLoS One 11:e0152787
46. Cardoso MZ (2008) Herbivore handling of a plant’s trichome: the case of Heliconius
charithonia (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and Passiflora lobata (Killip) Hutch.
(Passifloraceae). Neotrop Entomol 37:247–252
47. Agrawal AA, Konno K (2009) Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and
evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 40:311–331
48. Konno K, Hirayama C, Nakamura M, Tateishi K, Tamura Y, Hattori M, Kohno K (2004)
Papain protects papaya trees from herbivorous insects: role of cysteine proteases in latex. Plant
J 37:370–378
49. Agrawal AA, Petschenka G, Bingham RA, Weber MG, Rasmann S (2012) Toxic cardenolides:
chemical ecology and coevolution of specialized plant–herbivore interactions. New Phytol
194:28–45
50. Richards LA, Dyer LA, Smilanich AM, Dodson CD (2010) Synergistic effects of amides from
two Piper species on generalist and specialist herbivores. J Chem Ecol 36:1105–1113
51. Bernays EA (1997) Feeding by lepidopteran larvae is dangerous. Ecol Entomol 22:121–123
52. Murphy SM (2004) Enemy-free space maintains swallowtail butterfly host shift. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 101:18048–18052
53. Greeney H, Dyer L, Smilanich A (2012) Feeding by lepidopteran larvae is dangerous: a review
of caterpillars’ chemical, physiological, morphological, and behavioral defenses against natural enemies. Invertebr Surviv J 9:7–34
54. Coley PD, Bateman ML, Kursar TA (2006) The effects of plant quality on caterpillar growth
and defense against natural enemies. Oikos 115:219–228
55. Gentry GL, Dyer LA (2002) On the conditional nature of neotropical caterpillar defenses
against their natural enemies. Ecology 83:3108–3119
56. Oppenheim SJ, Gould F (2002) Behavioral adaptations increase the value of enemy-free space
for Heliothis subflexa, a specialist herbivore. Evolution 56:679–689
57. Pellissier L, Moreira X, Danner H, Serrano M, Salamin N, van Dam NM, Rasmann S (2016)
The simultaneous inducibility of phytochemicals related to plant direct and indirect defences
against herbivores is stronger at low elevation. J Ecol 104:1116–1125
58. Amo L, Jansen JJ, Dam NM, Dicke M, Visser ME (2013) Birds exploit herbivore-induced
plant volatiles to locate herbivorous prey. Ecol Lett 16:1348–1355
59. Barbehenn RV, Jaros A, Lee G, Mozola C, Weir Q, Salminen JP (2009) Tree resistance to
Lymantria dispar caterpillars: importance and limitations of foliar tannin composition.
Oecologia 159:777–788
60. Agrawal AA (1999) Induced responses to herbivory in wild radish: effects on several herbivores and plant fitness. Ecology 80:1713–1723
61. Falk KL, Kästner J, Bodenhausen N, Schramm K, Paetz C, Vassão DG, Reichelt M,
Knorre D, Bergelson J, Erb M (2014) The role of glucosinolates and the jasmonic acid
pathway in resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana against molluscan herbivores. Mol Ecol
23:1188–1203
62. Turlings TC, Erb M (2018) Tritrophic interactions mediated by herbivore-induced plant
volatiles: mechanisms, ecological relevance, and application potential. Annu Rev Entomol
63:433–452
63. Vet LE, Wäckers FL, Dicke M (1990) How to hunt for hiding hosts: the
reliability–detectability problem in foraging parasitoids. Neth J Zool 41:202–213
96
M. Volf