Table 2
(continued)
Pharmaceuticals
ASE extraction conditions
Clean-up
Analysis
References
Soil
mass
(g)
Solvent
T (
C)
P(psi or
bar)
Static extraction
time
(min)
 number
of cycles
Flush
volume
(%)
Cell matrix
(dispersant)
Recovery
(%)
RSD
(%)
LOD
Instrument
ciprofloxacin, clofibric acid,
diazepam, diclofenac,
fenofibrate, ibuprofen, metoprolol, norfloxacin,
ofloxacin, oxytetracycline,
sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, propranolol, trimethoprim, and 4-epitetracycline
hydrochloride,
4-epioxytetracycline
SPE
cartridges
Chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and
tetracycline antibiotics
5 g
5% (w/v) sodium
acetate, 100 mM
EDTA, in a 50:50
solution with
methanol,
adjusted to pH 8
with sodium
hydroxide
60
C
104 bar
5 min
 2
Hydromatrix
Strata-X
SPE
cartridges
22–99%
LC-MS
[50]
17R-Ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, 17R-estradiol,
sulfamethazine,
sulfadimethoxine,
sulfameter, sulfamethizole,
sulfamerazine,
sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole,
tetracycline, and oxytetracycline. Estrone and
4-epitetracycline. 17β-Estriol and sulfathiazole.
Conjugated estrogen metabolites, estrone-3-sulfate,
estrone-3-glucuronide,
17R-ethinylestradiol-3-glucuronide, 17β-estradiol-3sulfate, 17R-estradiol-35 g
Water/methanol/
acetone (50/25/
25, v/v/v)
containing
25 mM EDTA,
2% ammonium
hydroxide, and
0.6 M sodium
chloride
Room T
C
100 bar
10 min
 2
60%
Hydromatrix
HLB SPE
cartridges
21–105%
4–24%
0.01–0.1 ng/g
LC-MS/MS
[60]
430
R. Manasfi et al.