succinylsulfathiazole,
sulfaquinoxaline, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine,
sulfamethazine,
sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole,
sulfamethoxypyridazine,
sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole,
sulfisoxazole, sulfanitran
and
N4-acetylsulfamethazine,
and the acetylated metabolites
N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole,
N4-acetylsulfapyridine,
N4-acetylsulfadiazine, and
N4-acetylsulfamerazine
Clofibric acid, ibuprofen,
salicylic acid, 2,4-D, gemfibrozil, naproxen,
ketoprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine,
4-nonylphenols, triclosan,
bisphenol A, di-n-butyl
phthalate, butyl benzyl
phthalate, bis-2ethylhexylphthalate, estrone,
17-estradiol,
17-ethinylestradiol
10 g
Acetone/hexane/
acetic acid
(50:50:2; v/v/v)
100
C
1,000 psi
5 min
 2
50%
Diatomaceous
earth
HLB
cartridges
54–118%
< 10%
0.25–2.5 ng/g
GC-MS
[54]
Avermectin, abamectin,
doramectin, emamectin benzoate, eprinomectin, ivermectin, moxidectin, and
selamectin
5 g
Methanol/water
(1:1, v/v)
40
C
100 bar
5 min
 3
75%
Sea sand
HLB
cartridges
63–80%
9–15%
LOQ: 0.5–
2.5 ng/g
LC-MS/MS
[72]
Sulfadiazine,
sulfadimethoxine,
sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfathiazole
4 g
0.1 M Tris
(pH 8.8) and acetonitrile (85:15)
200
C
100 bar
5 min
 1
Diatomaceous
earth
No clean-up
62–93%
< 10%
<15 g/kg
LC-MS/MS
[56]
Oleandomycin, erythromycin, tylosin, roxithromycin,
tiamulin fumarate,
monensin, ivermectin,
salinomycin
30 g
1% (v/v) aqueous
ammonia in
methanol
80
C
140 bar
10 min
 2
70%;
Ottawa sand
Diol SPE
cartridges
43–118%
19–
29%
0.2–1.6 mg/kg
LC-MS/MS
[73]
Acetaminophen, codeine,
carbamazepine,
3 g
Water
90
C
500 psi
7 min
 3
100%
Sea sand
Tandem
SAX-HLB
59–119%
<16%
0.1–6.8 ng g
À1
LC-MS/MS
[9]
(continued)
Development of Methods for the Determination of PhACs in Soil/Earthworm/Crop. . .
429