60. Nguyen PM et al (2019) Removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products using
constructed wetlands: effective plant-bacteria synergism may enhance degradation efficiency.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(21):21109–21126
61. Liu X et al (2019) A review on removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from
wastewater by constructed wetlands: performance and microbial response. Environ Pollut 254:
p:112996
62. Ilyas H, van Hullebusch ED (2019) Role of design and operational factors in the removal of
pharmaceuticals by constructed wetlands. Water 11(11):2356
63. Hijosa-Valsero M et al (2010) Assessment of full-scale natural systems for the removal of
PPCPs from wastewater in small communities. Water Res 44(5):1429–1439
64. Nivala J et al (2019) Dynamics of emerging organic contaminant removal in conventional and
intensified subsurface flow treatment wetlands. Sci Total Environ 649:1144–1156
65. Weizel A et al (2020) Analysis of the aerobic biodegradation of glucocorticoids: elucidation of
the kinetics and transformation reactions. Water Res 174:115561
66. Ávila C et al (2014) Emerging organic contaminants in vertical subsurface flow constructed
wetlands: influence of media size, loading frequency and use of active aeration. Sci Total
Environ 494-495:211–217
67. Auvinen H et al (2017) Laboratory- and full-scale studies on the removal of pharmaceuticals in
an aerated constructed wetland: effects of aeration and hydraulic retention time on the removal
efficiency and assessment of the aquatic risk. Water Sci Technol 76(6):1457–1465
68. Auvinen H et al (2017) Removal of pharmaceuticals by a pilot aerated sub-surface flow
constructed wetland treating municipal and hospital wastewater. Ecol Eng 100:157–164
69. Kahl S et al (2017) Effect of design and operational conditions on the performance of
subsurface flow treatment wetlands: emerging organic contaminants as indicators. Water
Res 125:490–500
70. Li J, Zhou Q, Campos LC (2017) Removal of selected emerging PPCP compounds using
greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) based lab-scale free water constructed wetland. Water
Res 126:252–261
71. Vymazal J (2007) Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Sci Total
Environ 380(1):48–65
72. Vymazal J (2005) Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands systems for
wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng 25(5):478–490
73. Imfeld G et al (2009) Monitoring and assessing processes of organic chemicals removal in
constructed wetlands. Chemosphere 74(3):349–362
74. Vymazal J (2019) Is removal of organics and suspended solids in horizontal sub-surface flow
constructed wetlands sustainable for twenty and more years? Chem Eng J 378:122117
75. Brix H (1994) Functions of macrophytes in constructed wetlands. Water Sci Technol 29
(4):71–78
76. Stottmeister U et al (2003) Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for
wastewater treatment. Biotechnol Adv 22(1):93–117
77. Susarla S, Medina VF, McCutcheon SC (2002) Phytoremediation: an ecological solution to
organic chemical contamination. Ecol Eng 18(5):647–658
78. Toet S et al (2003) Denitrification in the periphyton associated with plant shoots and in the
sediment of a wetland system supplied with sewage treatment plant effluent. Hydrobiologia
501(1):29–44
79. Vymazal J (2013) Emergent plants used in free water surface constructed wetlands: a review.
Ecol Eng 61:582–592
80. Weber KP, Legge RL (2011) Dynamics in the bacterial community-level physiological profiles and hydrological characteristics of constructed wetland mesocosms during start-up. Ecol
Eng 37(5):666–677
81. Ternes TA et al (2004) A rapid method to measure the solid–water distribution coefficient
(Kd) for pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in sewage sludge. Water Res 38
(19):4075–4084
Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal
411
constructed wetlands: effective plant-bacteria synergism may enhance degradation efficiency.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(21):21109–21126
61. Liu X et al (2019) A review on removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes from
wastewater by constructed wetlands: performance and microbial response. Environ Pollut 254:
p:112996
62. Ilyas H, van Hullebusch ED (2019) Role of design and operational factors in the removal of
pharmaceuticals by constructed wetlands. Water 11(11):2356
63. Hijosa-Valsero M et al (2010) Assessment of full-scale natural systems for the removal of
PPCPs from wastewater in small communities. Water Res 44(5):1429–1439
64. Nivala J et al (2019) Dynamics of emerging organic contaminant removal in conventional and
intensified subsurface flow treatment wetlands. Sci Total Environ 649:1144–1156
65. Weizel A et al (2020) Analysis of the aerobic biodegradation of glucocorticoids: elucidation of
the kinetics and transformation reactions. Water Res 174:115561
66. Ávila C et al (2014) Emerging organic contaminants in vertical subsurface flow constructed
wetlands: influence of media size, loading frequency and use of active aeration. Sci Total
Environ 494-495:211–217
67. Auvinen H et al (2017) Laboratory- and full-scale studies on the removal of pharmaceuticals in
an aerated constructed wetland: effects of aeration and hydraulic retention time on the removal
efficiency and assessment of the aquatic risk. Water Sci Technol 76(6):1457–1465
68. Auvinen H et al (2017) Removal of pharmaceuticals by a pilot aerated sub-surface flow
constructed wetland treating municipal and hospital wastewater. Ecol Eng 100:157–164
69. Kahl S et al (2017) Effect of design and operational conditions on the performance of
subsurface flow treatment wetlands: emerging organic contaminants as indicators. Water
Res 125:490–500
70. Li J, Zhou Q, Campos LC (2017) Removal of selected emerging PPCP compounds using
greater duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) based lab-scale free water constructed wetland. Water
Res 126:252–261
71. Vymazal J (2007) Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands. Sci Total
Environ 380(1):48–65
72. Vymazal J (2005) Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands systems for
wastewater treatment. Ecol Eng 25(5):478–490
73. Imfeld G et al (2009) Monitoring and assessing processes of organic chemicals removal in
constructed wetlands. Chemosphere 74(3):349–362
74. Vymazal J (2019) Is removal of organics and suspended solids in horizontal sub-surface flow
constructed wetlands sustainable for twenty and more years? Chem Eng J 378:122117
75. Brix H (1994) Functions of macrophytes in constructed wetlands. Water Sci Technol 29
(4):71–78
76. Stottmeister U et al (2003) Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for
wastewater treatment. Biotechnol Adv 22(1):93–117
77. Susarla S, Medina VF, McCutcheon SC (2002) Phytoremediation: an ecological solution to
organic chemical contamination. Ecol Eng 18(5):647–658
78. Toet S et al (2003) Denitrification in the periphyton associated with plant shoots and in the
sediment of a wetland system supplied with sewage treatment plant effluent. Hydrobiologia
501(1):29–44
79. Vymazal J (2013) Emergent plants used in free water surface constructed wetlands: a review.
Ecol Eng 61:582–592
80. Weber KP, Legge RL (2011) Dynamics in the bacterial community-level physiological profiles and hydrological characteristics of constructed wetland mesocosms during start-up. Ecol
Eng 37(5):666–677
81. Ternes TA et al (2004) A rapid method to measure the solid–water distribution coefficient
(Kd) for pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in sewage sludge. Water Res 38
(19):4075–4084
Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal
411