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149. Ghoshdastidar AJ, Fox S, Tong AZ (2015) The presence of the top prescribed pharmaceuticals
in treated sewage effluents and receiving waters in southwest Nova Scotia, Canada. Environ
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150. Öllers S, Singer HP, Fässler P, Müller SR (2001) Simultaneous quantification of neutral and
acidic pharmaceuticals and pesticides at the low-ng/l level in surface and waste water. J
Chromatogr A 911:225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00514-3
151. Grenni P, Patrolecco L, Ademollo N, Di Lenola M, Barra Caracciolo A (2014) Capability of
the natural microbial community in a river water ecosystem to degrade the drug naproxen.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:13470–13479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3276-y
152. Grenni P, Patrolecco L, Ademollo N, Tolomei A, Barra Caracciolo A (2013) Degradation of
gemfibrozil and naproxen in a river water ecosystem. Microchem J 107:158–164. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.06.008
153. Cruz-Morató C, Ferrando-Climent L, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Marco-Urrea E,
Vicent T, Sarrà M (2013) Degradation of pharmaceuticals in non-sterile urban wastewater
by Trametes versicolor in a fluidized bed bioreactor. Water Res 47:5200–5210. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.007
154. Ding T, Lin K, Yang B, Yang M, Li J, Li W, Gan J (2017) Biodegradation of naproxen by
freshwater algae Cymbella sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda and the comparative toxicity.
Bioresour Technol 238:164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.018
155. Marco-Urrea E, Pérez-Trujillo M, Blánquez P, Vicent T, Caminal G (2010) Biodegradation of
the analgesic naproxen by Trametes versicolor and identification of intermediates using
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biortech.2009.11.019
156. Rodarte-Morales AI, Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Lema JM (2012) Biotransformation of three
pharmaceutical active compounds by the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a fed batch
stirred reactor under air and oxygen supply. Biodegradation 23:145–156. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10532-011-9494-9
157. Wojcieszyńska D, Domaradzka D, Hupert-Kocurek K, Guzik U (2014) Bacterial degradation
of naproxen – undisclosed pollutant in the environment. J Environ Manage 145:157–161.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.023
158. Wojcieszyńska D, Guzik U (2020) Naproxen in the environment: its occurrence, toxicity to
nontarget organisms and biodegradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104:1849–1857. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10343-x
159. Wang S, Gunsch CK (2011) Effects of selected pharmaceutically active compounds on the
ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Chemosphere 82:565–572. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.007
160. Cycon M, Borymski S, Zolnierczyk B, Piotrowska-Seget Z (2016) Variable effects of
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on selected biochemical processes mediated
by soil microorganisms. Front Microbiol 7:1969. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01969
161. Sanganyado E, Lu Z, Fu Q, Schlenk D, Gan J (2017) Chiral pharmaceuticals: a review on their
environmental occurrence and fate processes. Water Res 124:527–542. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.watres.2017.08.003
162. Wong CS (2006) Environmental fate processes and biochemical transformations of chiral
emerging organic pollutants. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:544–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00216-006-0424-3
163. Zhou Y, Wu S, Zhou H, Huang H, Zhao J, Deng Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Yang J, Luo L (2018)
Chiral pharmaceuticals: environment sources, potential human health impacts, remediation
technologies and future perspective. Environ Int 121:523–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envint.2018.09.041
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
291
042
149. Ghoshdastidar AJ, Fox S, Tong AZ (2015) The presence of the top prescribed pharmaceuticals
in treated sewage effluents and receiving waters in southwest Nova Scotia, Canada. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 22:689–700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3400-z
150. Öllers S, Singer HP, Fässler P, Müller SR (2001) Simultaneous quantification of neutral and
acidic pharmaceuticals and pesticides at the low-ng/l level in surface and waste water. J
Chromatogr A 911:225–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00514-3
151. Grenni P, Patrolecco L, Ademollo N, Di Lenola M, Barra Caracciolo A (2014) Capability of
the natural microbial community in a river water ecosystem to degrade the drug naproxen.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 21:13470–13479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3276-y
152. Grenni P, Patrolecco L, Ademollo N, Tolomei A, Barra Caracciolo A (2013) Degradation of
gemfibrozil and naproxen in a river water ecosystem. Microchem J 107:158–164. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.06.008
153. Cruz-Morató C, Ferrando-Climent L, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Marco-Urrea E,
Vicent T, Sarrà M (2013) Degradation of pharmaceuticals in non-sterile urban wastewater
by Trametes versicolor in a fluidized bed bioreactor. Water Res 47:5200–5210. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.watres.2013.06.007
154. Ding T, Lin K, Yang B, Yang M, Li J, Li W, Gan J (2017) Biodegradation of naproxen by
freshwater algae Cymbella sp. and Scenedesmus quadricauda and the comparative toxicity.
Bioresour Technol 238:164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.018
155. Marco-Urrea E, Pérez-Trujillo M, Blánquez P, Vicent T, Caminal G (2010) Biodegradation of
the analgesic naproxen by Trametes versicolor and identification of intermediates using
HPLC-DAD-MS and NMR. Bioresour Technol 101:2159–2166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biortech.2009.11.019
156. Rodarte-Morales AI, Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Lema JM (2012) Biotransformation of three
pharmaceutical active compounds by the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in a fed batch
stirred reactor under air and oxygen supply. Biodegradation 23:145–156. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10532-011-9494-9
157. Wojcieszyńska D, Domaradzka D, Hupert-Kocurek K, Guzik U (2014) Bacterial degradation
of naproxen – undisclosed pollutant in the environment. J Environ Manage 145:157–161.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.023
158. Wojcieszyńska D, Guzik U (2020) Naproxen in the environment: its occurrence, toxicity to
nontarget organisms and biodegradation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104:1849–1857. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10343-x
159. Wang S, Gunsch CK (2011) Effects of selected pharmaceutically active compounds on the
ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea. Chemosphere 82:565–572. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.007
160. Cycon M, Borymski S, Zolnierczyk B, Piotrowska-Seget Z (2016) Variable effects of
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on selected biochemical processes mediated
by soil microorganisms. Front Microbiol 7:1969. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01969
161. Sanganyado E, Lu Z, Fu Q, Schlenk D, Gan J (2017) Chiral pharmaceuticals: a review on their
environmental occurrence and fate processes. Water Res 124:527–542. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.watres.2017.08.003
162. Wong CS (2006) Environmental fate processes and biochemical transformations of chiral
emerging organic pollutants. Anal Bioanal Chem 386:544–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00216-006-0424-3
163. Zhou Y, Wu S, Zhou H, Huang H, Zhao J, Deng Y, Wang H, Yang Y, Yang J, Luo L (2018)
Chiral pharmaceuticals: environment sources, potential human health impacts, remediation
technologies and future perspective. Environ Int 121:523–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envint.2018.09.041
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
291