and integron-integrase genes in agricultural grassland soil. Sci Total Environ 562:678–689.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.035
15. Song W, Guo M (2014) Residual veterinary pharmaceuticals in animal manures and their
environmental behaviors in soils. In: Applied manure and nutrient chemistry for sustainable
agriculture and environment. Springer, Amsterdam, pp 23–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/97894-017-8807-6_2
16. Wohde M, Berkner S, Junker T, Konradi S, Schwarz L, Düring RA (2016) Occurrence and
transformation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides in manure: a literature review.
Environ Sci Eur 28:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-016-0091-8
17. Maron DF, Smith TJS, Nachman KE (2013) Restrictions on antimicrobial use in food animal
production: an international regulatory and economic survey. Global Health 9:48. https://doi.
org/10.1186/1744-8603-9-48
18. Libutti A, Gatta G, Gagliardi A, Vergine P, Pollice A, Beneduce L, Disciglio G, Tarantino E
(2018) Agro-industrial wastewater reuse for irrigation of a vegetable crop succession under
Mediterranean conditions. Agric Water Manag 196:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.
2017.10.015
19. Meli S, Porto M, Belligno A, Bufo SA, Mazzatura A, Scopa A (2002) Influence of irrigation
with lagooned urban wastewater on chemical and microbiological soil parameters in a citrus
orchard under Mediterranean condition. Sci Total Environ 285:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0048-9697(01)00896-8
20. Mohammad Rusan MJ, Hinnawi S, Rousan L (2007) Long term effect of wastewater irrigation
of forage crops on soil and plant quality parameters. Desalination 215:143–152. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.10.032
21. Annicchiarico G, Caternolo G, Rossi E, Martiniello P (2011) Effect of manure vs. fertilizer
inputs on productivity of forage crop models. Int J Environ Res Public Health 8:1893–1913.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8061893
22. Hernández T, Moreno JI, Costa F (1991) Influence of sewage sludge application on crop yields
and heavy metal availability. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 37:201–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/
00380768.1991.10415030
23. Durán-Alvarez JC, Becerril-Bravo E, Castro VS, Jiménez B, Gibson R (2009) The analysis of
a group of acidic pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine, and potential endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater irrigated soils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta
78:1159–1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.01.035
24. Fatta-Kassinos D, Kalavrouziotis IK, Koukoulakis PH, Vasquez MI (2011) The risks associated with wastewater reuse and xenobiotics in the agroecological environment. Sci Total
Environ 409:3555–3563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.03.036
25. Gottschall N, Topp E, Metcalfe C, Edwards M, Payne M, Kleywegt S, Russell P, Lapen DR
(2012) Pharmaceutical and personal care products in groundwater, subsurface drainage, soil,
and wheat grain, following a high single application of municipal biosolids to a field.
Chemosphere 87:194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.018
26. Montemurro N, Postigo C, Chirón S, Barcelò D, Pérez S (2019) Analysis and fate of
14 relevant wastewater-derived organic pollutants in long-term exposed soil. Anal Bioanal
Chem 411:2687–2696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01715-3
27. Petrie B, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2015) A review on emerging contaminants in
wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring. Water Res 72:3–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.053
28. Vodyanitskii YN, Yakovlev AS (2016) Contamination of soils and groundwater with new
organic micropollutants: a review. Eurasian Soil Sci 49:560–569. https://doi.org/10.1134/
S1064229316050148
29. Barra Caracciolo A, Topp E, Grenni P (2015) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: biodegradation and effects on natural microbial communities. A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal
106:25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.040
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
283
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.035
15. Song W, Guo M (2014) Residual veterinary pharmaceuticals in animal manures and their
environmental behaviors in soils. In: Applied manure and nutrient chemistry for sustainable
agriculture and environment. Springer, Amsterdam, pp 23–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/97894-017-8807-6_2
16. Wohde M, Berkner S, Junker T, Konradi S, Schwarz L, Düring RA (2016) Occurrence and
transformation of veterinary pharmaceuticals and biocides in manure: a literature review.
Environ Sci Eur 28:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-016-0091-8
17. Maron DF, Smith TJS, Nachman KE (2013) Restrictions on antimicrobial use in food animal
production: an international regulatory and economic survey. Global Health 9:48. https://doi.
org/10.1186/1744-8603-9-48
18. Libutti A, Gatta G, Gagliardi A, Vergine P, Pollice A, Beneduce L, Disciglio G, Tarantino E
(2018) Agro-industrial wastewater reuse for irrigation of a vegetable crop succession under
Mediterranean conditions. Agric Water Manag 196:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.
2017.10.015
19. Meli S, Porto M, Belligno A, Bufo SA, Mazzatura A, Scopa A (2002) Influence of irrigation
with lagooned urban wastewater on chemical and microbiological soil parameters in a citrus
orchard under Mediterranean condition. Sci Total Environ 285:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0048-9697(01)00896-8
20. Mohammad Rusan MJ, Hinnawi S, Rousan L (2007) Long term effect of wastewater irrigation
of forage crops on soil and plant quality parameters. Desalination 215:143–152. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.10.032
21. Annicchiarico G, Caternolo G, Rossi E, Martiniello P (2011) Effect of manure vs. fertilizer
inputs on productivity of forage crop models. Int J Environ Res Public Health 8:1893–1913.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8061893
22. Hernández T, Moreno JI, Costa F (1991) Influence of sewage sludge application on crop yields
and heavy metal availability. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 37:201–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/
00380768.1991.10415030
23. Durán-Alvarez JC, Becerril-Bravo E, Castro VS, Jiménez B, Gibson R (2009) The analysis of
a group of acidic pharmaceuticals, carbamazepine, and potential endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewater irrigated soils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta
78:1159–1166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.01.035
24. Fatta-Kassinos D, Kalavrouziotis IK, Koukoulakis PH, Vasquez MI (2011) The risks associated with wastewater reuse and xenobiotics in the agroecological environment. Sci Total
Environ 409:3555–3563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.03.036
25. Gottschall N, Topp E, Metcalfe C, Edwards M, Payne M, Kleywegt S, Russell P, Lapen DR
(2012) Pharmaceutical and personal care products in groundwater, subsurface drainage, soil,
and wheat grain, following a high single application of municipal biosolids to a field.
Chemosphere 87:194–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.018
26. Montemurro N, Postigo C, Chirón S, Barcelò D, Pérez S (2019) Analysis and fate of
14 relevant wastewater-derived organic pollutants in long-term exposed soil. Anal Bioanal
Chem 411:2687–2696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01715-3
27. Petrie B, Barden R, Kasprzyk-Hordern B (2015) A review on emerging contaminants in
wastewaters and the environment: current knowledge, understudied areas and recommendations for future monitoring. Water Res 72:3–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.053
28. Vodyanitskii YN, Yakovlev AS (2016) Contamination of soils and groundwater with new
organic micropollutants: a review. Eurasian Soil Sci 49:560–569. https://doi.org/10.1134/
S1064229316050148
29. Barra Caracciolo A, Topp E, Grenni P (2015) Pharmaceuticals in the environment: biodegradation and effects on natural microbial communities. A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal
106:25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.040
Impact of PhACs on Soil Microorganisms
283