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Apple trees. J Agric Res 41:507–540
90. Pǎcurar DI, Thordal-Christensen H, Pǎcurar ML et al (2011) Agrobacterium tumefaciens: from
crown gall tumors to genetic transformation. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 76:76–81. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2011.06.004
91. Chandra S (2012) Natural plant genetic engineer agrobacterium rhizogenes: role of T-DNA in
plant secondary metabolism. Biotechnol Lett 34:407–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529011-0785-3
92. Chilton MD, Tepfer DA, Petit A et al (1982) Agrobacterium rhizogenes inserts T-DNA into
the genomes of the host plant root cells. Nature 295:432–434
93. Zambryski P, Tempe J, Schell J (1989) Transfer and function of T-DNA genes from
agrobacterium Ti and Ri plasmids in plants. Cell 56:193–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/00928674(89)90892-1
94. Gelvin SB (1990) Crown gall disease and hairy root disease : a sledgehammer and a tack
hammer. Plant Physiol 92:281–285. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.92.2.281
95. Sevón N, Oksman-Caldentey KM (2002) Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation:
root cultures as a source of alkaloids. Planta Med 68:859–868. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-200234924
96. Agostini E, Talano MA, González PS et al (2013) Application of hairy roots for
phytoremediation: what makes them an interesting tool for this purpose? Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol 97:1017–1030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4658-z
97. González PS, Agostini E, Milrad SR (2008) Comparison of the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol
and phenol from polluted water, by peroxidases from tomato hairy roots, and protective effect
of polyethylene glycol. Chemosphere 70:982–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.
2007.08.025
98. Telke AA, Kagalkar AN, Jagtap UB et al (2011) Biochemical characterization of laccase from
hairy root culture of Brassica juncea L. and role of redox mediators to enhance its potential for
the decolorization of textile dyes. Planta 234:1137–1149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-0111469-x
99. Georgiev MI, Pavlov AI, Bley T (2007) Hairy root type plant in vitro systems as sources of
bioactive substances. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:1175–1185. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00253-007-0856-5
100. Ibáñez SG, Medina MI, Agostini E (2011) Phenol tolerance, changes of antioxidative enzymes
and cellular damage in transgenic tobacco hairy roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal
fungi. Chemosphere 83:700–705
101. Janoušková M, Vosátka M (2005) Response to cadmium of Daucus carota hairy roots dual
cultures with Glomus intraradices or Gigaspora margarita. Mycorrhiza 15:217–224
102. Georgiev MI, Ludwig-Müller J, Alipieva K, Lippert A (2011) Sonication-assisted
agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of Verbascum xanthophoeniceum Griseb.
for bioactive metabolite accumulation. Plant Cell Rep 30:859–866. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00299-010-0981-y
103. Casas DA, Pitta-Alvarez SI, Giulietti AM (1998) Biotransformation of hydroquinone by hairy
roots of Brugmansia candida and effect of sugars and free-radical scavengers. Appl Biochem
Biotechnol 69:127–136
104. Srivastava V, Mehrotra S, Mishra S (2016) Biotransformation through hairy roots: perspectives, outcomes, and major challenges. In: Jha S (ed) Transgenesis and secondary metabolism.
Reference series in phytochemistry. Springer, pp 1–24
105. Vandenkoornhuyse P, Quaiser A, Duhamel M et al (2015) The importance of the microbiome
of the plant holobiont. New Phytol 206:1196–1206. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13312
106. Sauvêtre A, Węgrzyn A, Yang L et al (2020) Enrichment of endophytic Actinobacteria in roots
and rhizomes of Miscanthus  giganteus plants exposed to diclofenac and sulfamethoxazole.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:11892–11904. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07609-7
262
A. Sauvêtre et al.