37. Huber C, Bartha B, Schröder P (2012) Metabolism of diclofenac in plants–hydroxylation is
followed by glucose conjugation. J Hazard Mater 243:250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhazmat.2012.10.023
38. Bartha B, Huber C, Schröder P (2014) Uptake and metabolism of diclofenac in Typha latifolia
– how plants cope with human pharmaceutical pollution. Plant Sci 227:12–20. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.06.001
39. Emhofer L, Himmelsbach M, Buchberger W, Klampfl CW (2017) High-performance liquid
chromatography – mass spectrometry analysis of the parent drugs and their metabolites in
extracts from cress (Lepidium sativum) grown hydroponically in water containing four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Chromatogr A 1491:137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
chroma.2017.02.057
40. Emhofer L, Himmelsbach M, Buchberger W, Klampfl CW (2018) Insights into the uptake,
metabolization and translocation of four non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs in cress
(Lepidium sativum) by HPLC-MS2. Electrophoresis 39:1294–1300. https://doi.org/10.1002/
elps.201700438
41. Fu Q, Zhang J, Borchardt D et al (2017) Direct conjugation of emerging contaminants in
Arabidopsis : indication for an overlooked risk in plants? Environ Sci Technol 51:6071–6081.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06266
42. Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu G et al (2016) Phytoextraction, phytotransformation and rhizodegradation
of ibuprofen associated with Typha angustifolia in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed
wetland. Water Res 102:294–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.049
43. He Y, Langenhoff AAM, Sutton NB et al (2017) Metabolism of ibuprofen by Phragmites
australis: uptake and phytodegradation. Environ Sci Technol 51:4576–4584. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.est.7b00458
44. Di Baccio D, Pietrini F, Bertolotto P et al (2017) Response of Lemna gibba L. to high and
environmentally relevant concentrations of ibuprofen : removal, metabolism and morphophysiological traits for biomonitoring of emerging contaminants. Sci Total Environ 584585:363–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.191
45. Pietrini F, Di Baccio D et al (2015) Ibuprofen exposure in Lemna gibba L.: evaluation of
growth and phytotoxic indicators, detection of ibuprofen and identification of its metabolites in
plant and in the medium. J Hazard Mater 300:189–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.
2015.06.068
46. Marsik P, Sisa M, Lacina O et al (2017) Metabolism of ibuprofen in higher plants: a model
Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture system. Environ Pollut 220:383–392. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.074
47. Picó Y, Alvarez-Ruiz R, Wijaya L et al (2018) Analysis of ibuprofen and its main metabolites
in roots, shoots, and seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry: uptake, metabolism, and translocation.
Anal Bioanal Chem 410:1163–1176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0796-6
48. Cui H, De Angelis MH, Schröder P (2017) Iopromide exposure in Typha latifolia L.:
evaluation of uptake, translocation and different transformation mechanisms in planta. Water
Res 122:290–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.004
49. Cui H, Schröder P (2016) Uptake, translocation and possible biodegradation of the antidiabetic
agent metformin by hydroponically grown Typha latifolia. J Hazard Mater 308:355–361.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.054
50. Tadić Đ, Matamoros V, Bayona JM (2019) Simultaneous determination of multiclass antibiotics and their metabolites in four types of field-grown vegetables. Anal Bioanal Chem
411:5209–5222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y
51. Tadić Đ, Gramblicka M, Mistrik R et al (2020) Elucidating biotransformation pathways of
ofloxacin in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). Environ Pollut 260:114002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envpol.2020.114002
Metabolism of Pharmaceuticals in Plants and Their Associated Microbiota
259
followed by glucose conjugation. J Hazard Mater 243:250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhazmat.2012.10.023
38. Bartha B, Huber C, Schröder P (2014) Uptake and metabolism of diclofenac in Typha latifolia
– how plants cope with human pharmaceutical pollution. Plant Sci 227:12–20. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.06.001
39. Emhofer L, Himmelsbach M, Buchberger W, Klampfl CW (2017) High-performance liquid
chromatography – mass spectrometry analysis of the parent drugs and their metabolites in
extracts from cress (Lepidium sativum) grown hydroponically in water containing four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Chromatogr A 1491:137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
chroma.2017.02.057
40. Emhofer L, Himmelsbach M, Buchberger W, Klampfl CW (2018) Insights into the uptake,
metabolization and translocation of four non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs in cress
(Lepidium sativum) by HPLC-MS2. Electrophoresis 39:1294–1300. https://doi.org/10.1002/
elps.201700438
41. Fu Q, Zhang J, Borchardt D et al (2017) Direct conjugation of emerging contaminants in
Arabidopsis : indication for an overlooked risk in plants? Environ Sci Technol 51:6071–6081.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06266
42. Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu G et al (2016) Phytoextraction, phytotransformation and rhizodegradation
of ibuprofen associated with Typha angustifolia in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed
wetland. Water Res 102:294–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.049
43. He Y, Langenhoff AAM, Sutton NB et al (2017) Metabolism of ibuprofen by Phragmites
australis: uptake and phytodegradation. Environ Sci Technol 51:4576–4584. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.est.7b00458
44. Di Baccio D, Pietrini F, Bertolotto P et al (2017) Response of Lemna gibba L. to high and
environmentally relevant concentrations of ibuprofen : removal, metabolism and morphophysiological traits for biomonitoring of emerging contaminants. Sci Total Environ 584585:363–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.191
45. Pietrini F, Di Baccio D et al (2015) Ibuprofen exposure in Lemna gibba L.: evaluation of
growth and phytotoxic indicators, detection of ibuprofen and identification of its metabolites in
plant and in the medium. J Hazard Mater 300:189–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.
2015.06.068
46. Marsik P, Sisa M, Lacina O et al (2017) Metabolism of ibuprofen in higher plants: a model
Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension culture system. Environ Pollut 220:383–392. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.074
47. Picó Y, Alvarez-Ruiz R, Wijaya L et al (2018) Analysis of ibuprofen and its main metabolites
in roots, shoots, and seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry: uptake, metabolism, and translocation.
Anal Bioanal Chem 410:1163–1176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0796-6
48. Cui H, De Angelis MH, Schröder P (2017) Iopromide exposure in Typha latifolia L.:
evaluation of uptake, translocation and different transformation mechanisms in planta. Water
Res 122:290–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.004
49. Cui H, Schröder P (2016) Uptake, translocation and possible biodegradation of the antidiabetic
agent metformin by hydroponically grown Typha latifolia. J Hazard Mater 308:355–361.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.01.054
50. Tadić Đ, Matamoros V, Bayona JM (2019) Simultaneous determination of multiclass antibiotics and their metabolites in four types of field-grown vegetables. Anal Bioanal Chem
411:5209–5222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-01895-y
51. Tadić Đ, Gramblicka M, Mistrik R et al (2020) Elucidating biotransformation pathways of
ofloxacin in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). Environ Pollut 260:114002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
envpol.2020.114002
Metabolism of Pharmaceuticals in Plants and Their Associated Microbiota
259