42. Gielen GC, van den Heuvel MR, Clinton PW, Greenfield LG (2009) Factors impacting on
pharmaceutical leaching following sewage application to land. Chemosphere 74:537–542
43. Paz A, Tadmor G, Malchi T, Blotevogel J, Borch T, Polubesova T, Chefetz B (2016) Fate of
carbamazepine, its metabolites, and lamotrigine in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater:
sorption, leaching and plant uptake. Chemosphere 160:22–29
44. Borgman O, Chefetz B (2013) Combined effects of biosolids application and irrigation whit
reclaimed wastewater on transport of pharmaceuticals compounds in arable soils. Water Res
47:3431–3443
45. Lau CH-F, Tien YC, Stedtfeld RD, Topp E (2020) Impacts of multi-year field exposure of
agricultural soil to macrolide resistance genes and selected mobile genetic elements. Sci Total
Environ 559:232–241
46. Coogan MA, Edziyie RE, La Point TW, Venables BJ (2007) Algal bioaccumulation of
triclocarban, triclosan and methyl-triclosan in a North Texas wastewater treatment plant receiving stream. Chemosphere 67:1911–1918
47. Tolls J (2001) Sorption of veterinary pharmaceuticals in soils: a review. Environ Sci Technol
35:3397–3406
48. Xu J, Wu L, Chang AC (2009) Degradation and adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals and
personal care products (PPCPs) in agricultural soils. Chemosphere 77:1299–1305
49. Thelusmond JR, Kawka E, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM (2018) Diclofenac, carbamazepine and
triclocarban biodegradation in agricultural soils and the microorganisms and metabolic pathways affected. Sci. Total Environ 640–640:1393–1410
50. Pan M, Chu LM (2016) Adsorption and degradation of five selected antibiotics in agricultural
soil. Sci Total Environ 545-546:48–56
51. Doretto KM, Peruchi LM, Rath S (2014) Sorption and desorption of sulfadimethoxine,
sulfaquinoxaline and sulfamethazine antimicrobials in Brazilian soils. Sci Total Environ
(476–477):406–414
52. Loffler D, Rombke J, Meller M, Ternes TA (2005) Environmental fate of pharmaceuticals in
water/sediment systems. Environ Sci Technol 39:5209–5218
53. Roberts TR (1984) Non-extractable pesticide residues in soils and plants. Pure Appl Chem 56
(7):945–956
54. Loffler D, Hatz A, Albrecht D, Fligg M, Hogeback J, Ternes TA (2020) Determination of
non-extractable residues in soils: towards a standardised approach. Environ Pollut 259:113826
55. Schäffer A, Kästner M, Trapp S (2018) A unified approach for including non-extractable
residues (NER) of chemicals and pesticides in the assessment of persistence. Environ Sci Eur
30:51
56. Kästner M, Trapp S, Schaeffer A (2018) Consultancy service to support ECHA in improving
the interpretation of non-extractable residues (NER) in degradation assessment. Discussion
paper-final report
57. Barriuso E, Benoit P, Dubus IG (2008) Formation of pesticides nonextractable (bound) residues
in soil: magnitude, controlling factors and reversibility. Environ Sci Technol 42(6):1845–1854
58. Li Y, Sallach J-B, Zhang W, Boyd S, Li H (2019) Insight into the distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil-water-plant systems. Water Res 152:38–46
59. Li H, Lee LS, Fabrega JR, Jafvert CT (2001) Role of pH in partitioning and cation exchange of
aromatic amines on water-saturated soils. Chemosphere 44:627–635
60. Bi E, Schmidt TC, Haderlein SB (2006) Sorption of heterocyclic organic compounds to
reference soils: column studies for process identification. Environ Sci Technol 40:5962–5970
61. Guangyao S, Yaning Y, Minsheng H, Kai Y (2005) Influence of pH on pesticide sorption by
soil containing wheat residue-derived char. Environ Pollut 134:457–463
62. Holten Lützhøft HC, Vaes WHJ, Halling-Sørensen B, Hermens JLM (2000) Influence of pH
and other modifying factors on the distribution behavior of 4-quinolones to solid phases and
humic acids studied by “negligible-depletion” SPME-HPLC. Environ Sci Technol
34:4989–4994
63. Franco A, Fu W, Trapp S (2009) Influence of soil pH on the sorption of ionizable chemicals:
modelling advances. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:458–464
172
M. Brienza et al.
pharmaceutical leaching following sewage application to land. Chemosphere 74:537–542
43. Paz A, Tadmor G, Malchi T, Blotevogel J, Borch T, Polubesova T, Chefetz B (2016) Fate of
carbamazepine, its metabolites, and lamotrigine in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater:
sorption, leaching and plant uptake. Chemosphere 160:22–29
44. Borgman O, Chefetz B (2013) Combined effects of biosolids application and irrigation whit
reclaimed wastewater on transport of pharmaceuticals compounds in arable soils. Water Res
47:3431–3443
45. Lau CH-F, Tien YC, Stedtfeld RD, Topp E (2020) Impacts of multi-year field exposure of
agricultural soil to macrolide resistance genes and selected mobile genetic elements. Sci Total
Environ 559:232–241
46. Coogan MA, Edziyie RE, La Point TW, Venables BJ (2007) Algal bioaccumulation of
triclocarban, triclosan and methyl-triclosan in a North Texas wastewater treatment plant receiving stream. Chemosphere 67:1911–1918
47. Tolls J (2001) Sorption of veterinary pharmaceuticals in soils: a review. Environ Sci Technol
35:3397–3406
48. Xu J, Wu L, Chang AC (2009) Degradation and adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals and
personal care products (PPCPs) in agricultural soils. Chemosphere 77:1299–1305
49. Thelusmond JR, Kawka E, Strathmann TJ, Cupples AM (2018) Diclofenac, carbamazepine and
triclocarban biodegradation in agricultural soils and the microorganisms and metabolic pathways affected. Sci. Total Environ 640–640:1393–1410
50. Pan M, Chu LM (2016) Adsorption and degradation of five selected antibiotics in agricultural
soil. Sci Total Environ 545-546:48–56
51. Doretto KM, Peruchi LM, Rath S (2014) Sorption and desorption of sulfadimethoxine,
sulfaquinoxaline and sulfamethazine antimicrobials in Brazilian soils. Sci Total Environ
(476–477):406–414
52. Loffler D, Rombke J, Meller M, Ternes TA (2005) Environmental fate of pharmaceuticals in
water/sediment systems. Environ Sci Technol 39:5209–5218
53. Roberts TR (1984) Non-extractable pesticide residues in soils and plants. Pure Appl Chem 56
(7):945–956
54. Loffler D, Hatz A, Albrecht D, Fligg M, Hogeback J, Ternes TA (2020) Determination of
non-extractable residues in soils: towards a standardised approach. Environ Pollut 259:113826
55. Schäffer A, Kästner M, Trapp S (2018) A unified approach for including non-extractable
residues (NER) of chemicals and pesticides in the assessment of persistence. Environ Sci Eur
30:51
56. Kästner M, Trapp S, Schaeffer A (2018) Consultancy service to support ECHA in improving
the interpretation of non-extractable residues (NER) in degradation assessment. Discussion
paper-final report
57. Barriuso E, Benoit P, Dubus IG (2008) Formation of pesticides nonextractable (bound) residues
in soil: magnitude, controlling factors and reversibility. Environ Sci Technol 42(6):1845–1854
58. Li Y, Sallach J-B, Zhang W, Boyd S, Li H (2019) Insight into the distribution of pharmaceuticals in soil-water-plant systems. Water Res 152:38–46
59. Li H, Lee LS, Fabrega JR, Jafvert CT (2001) Role of pH in partitioning and cation exchange of
aromatic amines on water-saturated soils. Chemosphere 44:627–635
60. Bi E, Schmidt TC, Haderlein SB (2006) Sorption of heterocyclic organic compounds to
reference soils: column studies for process identification. Environ Sci Technol 40:5962–5970
61. Guangyao S, Yaning Y, Minsheng H, Kai Y (2005) Influence of pH on pesticide sorption by
soil containing wheat residue-derived char. Environ Pollut 134:457–463
62. Holten Lützhøft HC, Vaes WHJ, Halling-Sørensen B, Hermens JLM (2000) Influence of pH
and other modifying factors on the distribution behavior of 4-quinolones to solid phases and
humic acids studied by “negligible-depletion” SPME-HPLC. Environ Sci Technol
34:4989–4994
63. Franco A, Fu W, Trapp S (2009) Influence of soil pH on the sorption of ionizable chemicals:
modelling advances. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:458–464
172
M. Brienza et al.