(Projektträger Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung) (2816ERA04W), which also
supported the author Y Bigott. DM Khalaf was granted by the Katholischer Akademischer
Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD). C Cruzeiro was funded by the European project IDOUM (Water
challenges for a changing world – IC4Water) as part of the WATER21015 JPI.
We thank Andreia Canito for providing us the coloured lettuce representation and Philip
Schmode for helping us with data organization.
References
1. Gago-Ferrero P, Bletsou AA, Damalas DE, Aalizadeh R, Alygizakis NA, Singer HP,
Hollender J, Thomaidis NS (2020) Wide-scope target screening of >2000 emerging contaminants in wastewater samples with UPLC-Q-ToF-HRMS/MS and smart evaluation of its
performance through the validation of 195 selected representative analytes. J Hazard Mater
387:121712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121712
2. Ibáñez M, Borova V, Boix C, Aalizadeh R, Bade R, Thomaidis NS, Hernández F (2017)
UHPLC-QTOF MS screening of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in treated wastewater
samples from Athens. J Hazard Mater 323:26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.
078
3. Grassi M, Rizzo L, Farina A (2013) Endocrine disruptors compounds, pharmaceuticals and
personal care products in urban wastewater: implications for agricultural reuse and their
removal by adsorption process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:3616–3628. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11356-013-1636-7
4. Madureira TV, Cruzeiro C, Rocha MJ, Rocha E (2011) The toxicity potential of pharmaceuticals found in the Douro River estuary (Portugal) – experimental assessment using a zebrafish
embryo test. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 32:212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.
005
5. Watanabe H, Tamura I, Abe R, Takanobu H, Nakamura A, Suzuki T, Hirose A, Nishimura T,
Tatarazako N (2016) Chronic toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of pharmaceuticals to three aquatic organisms (alga, daphnid, and fish). Environ Toxicol Chem
35:996–1006. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3285
6. Fatta-Kassinos D, Meric S, Nikolaou A (2011) Pharmaceutical residues in environmental
waters and wastewater: current state of knowledge and future research. Anal Bioanal Chem
399:251–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4300-9
7. Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D (2017) Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: concentration of pharmaceuticals in
soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. Water
Res 109:24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.033
8. Goldstein M, Shenker M, Chefetz B (2014) Insights into the uptake processes of wastewaterborne pharmaceuticals by vegetables. Environ Sci Technol 48:5593–5600. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es5008615
9. Miller EL, Nason SL, Karthikeyan KG, Pedersen JA (2016) Root uptake of pharmaceuticals
and personal care product ingredients. Environ Sci Technol 50:525–541. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.5b01546
10. Goldstein M, Malchi T, Shenker M, Chefetz B (2018) Pharmacokinetics in plants: carbamazepine and its interactions with lamotrigine. Environ Sci Technol 52:6957–6964. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01682
11. Kodešová R, Klement A, Golovko O, Fér M, Nikodem A, Kočárek M, Grabic R (2019) Root
uptake of atenolol, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine, and their transformation in three
soils and four plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:9876–9891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356019-04333-9
132
Y. Bigott et al.
supported the author Y Bigott. DM Khalaf was granted by the Katholischer Akademischer
Ausländer-Dienst (KAAD). C Cruzeiro was funded by the European project IDOUM (Water
challenges for a changing world – IC4Water) as part of the WATER21015 JPI.
We thank Andreia Canito for providing us the coloured lettuce representation and Philip
Schmode for helping us with data organization.
References
1. Gago-Ferrero P, Bletsou AA, Damalas DE, Aalizadeh R, Alygizakis NA, Singer HP,
Hollender J, Thomaidis NS (2020) Wide-scope target screening of >2000 emerging contaminants in wastewater samples with UPLC-Q-ToF-HRMS/MS and smart evaluation of its
performance through the validation of 195 selected representative analytes. J Hazard Mater
387:121712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121712
2. Ibáñez M, Borova V, Boix C, Aalizadeh R, Bade R, Thomaidis NS, Hernández F (2017)
UHPLC-QTOF MS screening of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in treated wastewater
samples from Athens. J Hazard Mater 323:26–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.
078
3. Grassi M, Rizzo L, Farina A (2013) Endocrine disruptors compounds, pharmaceuticals and
personal care products in urban wastewater: implications for agricultural reuse and their
removal by adsorption process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:3616–3628. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11356-013-1636-7
4. Madureira TV, Cruzeiro C, Rocha MJ, Rocha E (2011) The toxicity potential of pharmaceuticals found in the Douro River estuary (Portugal) – experimental assessment using a zebrafish
embryo test. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 32:212–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2011.05.
005
5. Watanabe H, Tamura I, Abe R, Takanobu H, Nakamura A, Suzuki T, Hirose A, Nishimura T,
Tatarazako N (2016) Chronic toxicity of an environmentally relevant mixture of pharmaceuticals to three aquatic organisms (alga, daphnid, and fish). Environ Toxicol Chem
35:996–1006. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3285
6. Fatta-Kassinos D, Meric S, Nikolaou A (2011) Pharmaceutical residues in environmental
waters and wastewater: current state of knowledge and future research. Anal Bioanal Chem
399:251–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-4300-9
7. Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D (2017) Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: concentration of pharmaceuticals in
soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. Water
Res 109:24–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.033
8. Goldstein M, Shenker M, Chefetz B (2014) Insights into the uptake processes of wastewaterborne pharmaceuticals by vegetables. Environ Sci Technol 48:5593–5600. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es5008615
9. Miller EL, Nason SL, Karthikeyan KG, Pedersen JA (2016) Root uptake of pharmaceuticals
and personal care product ingredients. Environ Sci Technol 50:525–541. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.5b01546
10. Goldstein M, Malchi T, Shenker M, Chefetz B (2018) Pharmacokinetics in plants: carbamazepine and its interactions with lamotrigine. Environ Sci Technol 52:6957–6964. https://doi.
org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01682
11. Kodešová R, Klement A, Golovko O, Fér M, Nikodem A, Kočárek M, Grabic R (2019) Root
uptake of atenolol, sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine, and their transformation in three
soils and four plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:9876–9891. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356019-04333-9
132
Y. Bigott et al.