741
Homopolymers, 168
Houdry’s catalytic cracking process, 67, 68
HPPO plants, 171
HSR naphtha, 381
Hydrocarbon feedstock, 66, 74, 94
Hydrocarbon pool mechanism, 367, 507
Hydrocarbon products, 72
Hydrocarbons (HC), 74, 82, 378, 464,
631–633, 707
aliphatic and aromatic compounds, 506
applications, 611
C 2 -C 4 olefins, 507
DAC technology, 610
industrial refining, 507
methane, 602
MTO reaction, 507, 508
RWGS reaction and FTS, 602
SAPO-5, 512–514
SAPO-5 vs. SAPO-11, 515, 516
SAPO-11, 509–512
SAPO-34, 507, 508
selectivity models, 491, 494
solid acid catalysts, 507
sources, 506
technology, 610
Hydrocracking, 36, 48, 55, 58, 65
HDT catalysts, 8
hydroprocessing, 2, 3
support acidity, 8
processes, 384, 385, 391
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
DDS pathway, 4, 13, 16, 24
description, 1, 3
4,6-DMDBT, 4, 5, 13–15, 17–19,
22, 23
HYD pathway, 4, 16, 21
hydroprocessing, 3
metal-sulfur bond strength, 12
nitrogen inhibiting effects, 4
petroleum fractions, 3
refractory sulfur compounds, 25
thiophene, 16, 28
Hydrodesulphurization (HDS), 386
Hydrofluoric acid (HF), 113
Hydrogen, 119
as energy career, 416
“holy grail”, 416
liquid, 417
on-board/on-site generation, 416
separation, 416
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), 288
Hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), 657, 658
Hydrogen bond donor (HBD), 657, 658
Hydrogen combustion, 416
Hydrogen generation
auto-thermal reforming, 418
carbon formation, 416
coking, 420
cracking, 418
dry reforming, 418
electrolysis, 418
membrane reformer, 417
methanol steam reforming, 423
Ni, 422
partial oxidation, 418–420
reinforcing fillers, 419
renewable revolution, 418
selective hydrogen separation, 425
steam reforming, 418, 419
waste heat generation, 419
Hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide
(HPPO), 166, 167, 171, 172
Hydrogen pressure, 129
Hydrogen recovery, 417
Hydrogen spillover effects, 57
Hydrogen transfer reactions, 99
Hydrogenated feedstocks, 74
Hydrogenation (HYD) pathway, 4, 16, 21
Hydrogenolysis, 487
Hydrophobic ionic liquids, 654
Hydroprocessing, 379, 391
catalysis, 2
catalyst design, 2
as catalytic refining process, 1
chemistry, 3
commercial applications, 2
factors, designing, 2
feedstock characteristics, 2
feedstock properties, 2
hydrocracking process, 3
hydrotreating process, 3
reactor system, 2
shapes and sizes, 9
Hydrothermal deposition method, 45
Hydrothermal stability, 363, 364
Hydrothermal synthesis method, 540
See also HDT/HDS catalysts
Hydrotreating (HDT), 386
acidity, 8
advanced characterization methods, 11
catalyst support, 7, 8
catalysts role, 3
characterization and testing, 9, 10
characterization tools, 11
chemical composition, catalysts, 6, 7
chemical reactions, 3
Co-Mo catalysts, 7
features, HDT catalytic active sites, 12
Index
Homopolymers, 168
Houdry’s catalytic cracking process, 67, 68
HPPO plants, 171
HSR naphtha, 381
Hydrocarbon feedstock, 66, 74, 94
Hydrocarbon pool mechanism, 367, 507
Hydrocarbon products, 72
Hydrocarbons (HC), 74, 82, 378, 464,
631–633, 707
aliphatic and aromatic compounds, 506
applications, 611
C 2 -C 4 olefins, 507
DAC technology, 610
industrial refining, 507
methane, 602
MTO reaction, 507, 508
RWGS reaction and FTS, 602
SAPO-5, 512–514
SAPO-5 vs. SAPO-11, 515, 516
SAPO-11, 509–512
SAPO-34, 507, 508
selectivity models, 491, 494
solid acid catalysts, 507
sources, 506
technology, 610
Hydrocracking, 36, 48, 55, 58, 65
HDT catalysts, 8
hydroprocessing, 2, 3
support acidity, 8
processes, 384, 385, 391
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
DDS pathway, 4, 13, 16, 24
description, 1, 3
4,6-DMDBT, 4, 5, 13–15, 17–19,
22, 23
HYD pathway, 4, 16, 21
hydroprocessing, 3
metal-sulfur bond strength, 12
nitrogen inhibiting effects, 4
petroleum fractions, 3
refractory sulfur compounds, 25
thiophene, 16, 28
Hydrodesulphurization (HDS), 386
Hydrofluoric acid (HF), 113
Hydrogen, 119
as energy career, 416
“holy grail”, 416
liquid, 417
on-board/on-site generation, 416
separation, 416
Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), 288
Hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), 657, 658
Hydrogen bond donor (HBD), 657, 658
Hydrogen combustion, 416
Hydrogen generation
auto-thermal reforming, 418
carbon formation, 416
coking, 420
cracking, 418
dry reforming, 418
electrolysis, 418
membrane reformer, 417
methanol steam reforming, 423
Ni, 422
partial oxidation, 418–420
reinforcing fillers, 419
renewable revolution, 418
selective hydrogen separation, 425
steam reforming, 418, 419
waste heat generation, 419
Hydrogen peroxide to propylene oxide
(HPPO), 166, 167, 171, 172
Hydrogen pressure, 129
Hydrogen recovery, 417
Hydrogen spillover effects, 57
Hydrogen transfer reactions, 99
Hydrogenated feedstocks, 74
Hydrogenation (HYD) pathway, 4, 16, 21
Hydrogenolysis, 487
Hydrophobic ionic liquids, 654
Hydroprocessing, 379, 391
catalysis, 2
catalyst design, 2
as catalytic refining process, 1
chemistry, 3
commercial applications, 2
factors, designing, 2
feedstock characteristics, 2
feedstock properties, 2
hydrocracking process, 3
hydrotreating process, 3
reactor system, 2
shapes and sizes, 9
Hydrothermal deposition method, 45
Hydrothermal stability, 363, 364
Hydrothermal synthesis method, 540
See also HDT/HDS catalysts
Hydrotreating (HDT), 386
acidity, 8
advanced characterization methods, 11
catalyst support, 7, 8
catalysts role, 3
characterization and testing, 9, 10
characterization tools, 11
chemical composition, catalysts, 6, 7
chemical reactions, 3
Co-Mo catalysts, 7
features, HDT catalytic active sites, 12
Index