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Process Res Dev 11:121–132
6. Sakakura T, Choi J-C, Yasuda H (2007) Transformation of carbon dioxide. Chem Rev
107:2365–2387
7. Yang Y, Lee J-W (2019) Toward ideal carbon dioxide functionalization. Chem Sci 10:3905
8. Darensbourg DJ (2010) Chemistry of carbon dioxide relevant to its utilization: a personal
perspective. Inorg Chem 49:10765–10780
9. Paparo A, Okuda J (2017) Carbon dioxide complexes: bonding modes and synthetic methods.
Coord Chem Rev 334:136–149
10. Yu B, He L-N (2015) Upgrading carbon dioxide by incorporation into heterocycles.
ChemSusChem 8:52–62
11. Müller TE, Leitner W (2015) CO 2 chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015(11):675–677
12. Yang Z-Z, He L-N, Zhao Y-N, Li B, Yu B (2011) CO 2 capture and activation by superbase/
polyethylene glycol and its subsequent conversion. Energy Environ Sci 4:3971–3975
13. Kayaki Y, Yamamoto M, Ikariya T (2009) N-heterocyclic carbenes as efficient organocatalysts for CO 2 fixation reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:4194–4197
14. Wang Y-B, Wang Y-M, Zhang W-Z, Lu X-B (2013) Fast CO 2 sequestration, activation, and
catalytic transformation using N-heterocyclic olefins. J Am Chem Soc 135:11996–12003
15. Aresta M, Nobile CF, Albano VG, Forni E, Manassero M (1975) New nickel–carbon dioxide
complex: synthesis, properties, and crystallographic characterization of (carbon dioxide)bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel. J Chem Soc Chem Commun:636–637
16. Song Q-W, Zhou Z-H, He L-N (2017) Efficient, selective and sustainable catalysis of carbon
dioxide. Green Chem 19:3707–3728
17. Centi G, Quadrelli EA, Perathoner S (2013) Catalysis for CO 2 conversion: a key technology
for rapid introduction of renewable energy in the value chain of chemical industries. Energy
Environ Sci 6:1711–1731
18. Burke MJ, Stephens JC (2018) Political power and renewable energy futures: a critical
review. Energy Res Soc Sci 35:78–93
19. Ansari MB, Park S-E (2012) Carbon dioxide utilization as a soft oxidant and promoter in
catalysis. Energy Environ Sci 5:9419
20. Artz J, Müller TE, Thenert K, Kleinekorte J, Meys R, Sternberg A, Bardow A, Leitner W
(2018) Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide: an integrated review of catalysis and life
cycle assessment. Chem Rev 118:434–504
21. Banerjee A, Dick GR, Yoshino T, Kanan MW (2016) Carbon dioxide utilization via carbonatepromoted C–H carboxylation. Nature 531:215
22. Liu Q, Wu L, Jackstell R, Beller M (2015) Using carbon dioxide as a building block in
organic synthesis. Nat Commun 6:5933–5948
23. Klankermayer J, Leitner W (2015) Love at second sight for CO 2 and H 2 in organic synthesis.
Science 350:629–630
24. Grim RG, Huang Z, Guarnieri MT, Ferrell JR III, Tao L, Schaidle JA (2020) Transforming the
carbon economy: challenges and opportunities in the convergence of low-cost electricity and
reductive CO 2 utilization. Energy Environ Sci 13:472. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE02410G
25. Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Quaranta E (2016) State of the art and perspectives in catalytic
processes for CO 2 conversion into chemicals and fuels: the distinctive contribution of chemical catalysis and biotechnology. J Catal 343:2–45
26. Rochelle GT (2009) Amine scrubbing for CO 2 capture. Science 325:1652–1654
27. Keith DW (2009) Why capture CO 2 from the atmosphere? Science 2009(325):1654–1655
28. D’Alessandro DM, Smit B, Long JR (2010) Carbon dioxide capture: prospects for new materials. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:6058–6082
29. Spigarelli BP, Kawatra SK (2013) Opportunities and challenges in carbon dioxide capture. J
CO2 Util 1:69–87
30. MacDowell N, Florin N, Buchard A, Hallett J, Galindo A, Jackson G, Adjiman CS, Williams
CK, Shah N, Fennell P (2010) An overview of CO 2 capture technologies. Energy Environ Sci
3:1645–1669
R. Arunachalam et al.
5. Rayner CM (2007) The potential of carbon dioxide in synthetic organic chemistry. Org
Process Res Dev 11:121–132
6. Sakakura T, Choi J-C, Yasuda H (2007) Transformation of carbon dioxide. Chem Rev
107:2365–2387
7. Yang Y, Lee J-W (2019) Toward ideal carbon dioxide functionalization. Chem Sci 10:3905
8. Darensbourg DJ (2010) Chemistry of carbon dioxide relevant to its utilization: a personal
perspective. Inorg Chem 49:10765–10780
9. Paparo A, Okuda J (2017) Carbon dioxide complexes: bonding modes and synthetic methods.
Coord Chem Rev 334:136–149
10. Yu B, He L-N (2015) Upgrading carbon dioxide by incorporation into heterocycles.
ChemSusChem 8:52–62
11. Müller TE, Leitner W (2015) CO 2 chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015(11):675–677
12. Yang Z-Z, He L-N, Zhao Y-N, Li B, Yu B (2011) CO 2 capture and activation by superbase/
polyethylene glycol and its subsequent conversion. Energy Environ Sci 4:3971–3975
13. Kayaki Y, Yamamoto M, Ikariya T (2009) N-heterocyclic carbenes as efficient organocatalysts for CO 2 fixation reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 48:4194–4197
14. Wang Y-B, Wang Y-M, Zhang W-Z, Lu X-B (2013) Fast CO 2 sequestration, activation, and
catalytic transformation using N-heterocyclic olefins. J Am Chem Soc 135:11996–12003
15. Aresta M, Nobile CF, Albano VG, Forni E, Manassero M (1975) New nickel–carbon dioxide
complex: synthesis, properties, and crystallographic characterization of (carbon dioxide)bis(tricyclohexylphosphine)nickel. J Chem Soc Chem Commun:636–637
16. Song Q-W, Zhou Z-H, He L-N (2017) Efficient, selective and sustainable catalysis of carbon
dioxide. Green Chem 19:3707–3728
17. Centi G, Quadrelli EA, Perathoner S (2013) Catalysis for CO 2 conversion: a key technology
for rapid introduction of renewable energy in the value chain of chemical industries. Energy
Environ Sci 6:1711–1731
18. Burke MJ, Stephens JC (2018) Political power and renewable energy futures: a critical
review. Energy Res Soc Sci 35:78–93
19. Ansari MB, Park S-E (2012) Carbon dioxide utilization as a soft oxidant and promoter in
catalysis. Energy Environ Sci 5:9419
20. Artz J, Müller TE, Thenert K, Kleinekorte J, Meys R, Sternberg A, Bardow A, Leitner W
(2018) Sustainable conversion of carbon dioxide: an integrated review of catalysis and life
cycle assessment. Chem Rev 118:434–504
21. Banerjee A, Dick GR, Yoshino T, Kanan MW (2016) Carbon dioxide utilization via carbonatepromoted C–H carboxylation. Nature 531:215
22. Liu Q, Wu L, Jackstell R, Beller M (2015) Using carbon dioxide as a building block in
organic synthesis. Nat Commun 6:5933–5948
23. Klankermayer J, Leitner W (2015) Love at second sight for CO 2 and H 2 in organic synthesis.
Science 350:629–630
24. Grim RG, Huang Z, Guarnieri MT, Ferrell JR III, Tao L, Schaidle JA (2020) Transforming the
carbon economy: challenges and opportunities in the convergence of low-cost electricity and
reductive CO 2 utilization. Energy Environ Sci 13:472. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE02410G
25. Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Quaranta E (2016) State of the art and perspectives in catalytic
processes for CO 2 conversion into chemicals and fuels: the distinctive contribution of chemical catalysis and biotechnology. J Catal 343:2–45
26. Rochelle GT (2009) Amine scrubbing for CO 2 capture. Science 325:1652–1654
27. Keith DW (2009) Why capture CO 2 from the atmosphere? Science 2009(325):1654–1655
28. D’Alessandro DM, Smit B, Long JR (2010) Carbon dioxide capture: prospects for new materials. Angew Chem Int Ed 49:6058–6082
29. Spigarelli BP, Kawatra SK (2013) Opportunities and challenges in carbon dioxide capture. J
CO2 Util 1:69–87
30. MacDowell N, Florin N, Buchard A, Hallett J, Galindo A, Jackson G, Adjiman CS, Williams
CK, Shah N, Fennell P (2010) An overview of CO 2 capture technologies. Energy Environ Sci
3:1645–1669
R. Arunachalam et al.