610
The leading company Covestro in Germany produces polyether-polycarbonate
polyols using the CO 2 as the feedstock. The product is commercially known as cardyon™ polyols. The polyols are used for the flexible polyurethane foams for use in
mattresses and furniture using this clean technology [62, 63].
Another company, Novomer Inc., in the USA is involved in the production of
polypropylene carbonate polyols. This several thousand tons commercial scale
company in Houston markets in the trade name Converge
®
polyols contain 50% wt
of CO 2 . The polyols are used enormously in polyurethane production for having
wide applications [62, 63].
Nanyang Zhongju Tianguan Low Carbon Technology in China established the
methodology for the production of biodegradable polypropylene carbonate with
efficient catalysts [62, 63]. The CO 2 from the ethanol synthesis process is used efficiently for polycarbonate synthesis.
2.6.2 Biopolymers
A company named Newlight Technologies in the USA is involved actively in the
production of biodegradable polymers in the commercial name “AirCarbon.” This
polymer contains ≈40 wt% of oxygen from air and 60 wt% carbon and hydrogen
from captured emissions. This process involves three steps: the first stage involves
the insertion of the concentrated methane or carbon dioxide to the reactor. Secondly,
the catalyst pulls out the carbon from the CO 2 , which is combined with oxygen and
hydrogen to form a biodegradable long-chain polymer. This high-performance thermoplastic can be used as a substitute for oil-derived plastics [62, 63].
2.6.3 Methanol
The industry named Carbon Recycling International (CRI) has involved in the
process of methanol synthesis using CO 2 from the geothermal power plant, with a
capacity of 5 million L/year methanol production and 5500 tons CO 2 /year recycling
capacity which is otherwise released into the atmosphere. The methanol is distributed in the commercial name Vulcanol™ which is used as a blend component of
gasoline and for further conversion into a diesel substitute. In this process, the H 2
and CO 2 are mixed at 3:1 ratio at optimized temperature and pressure [62, 63].
2.6.4 Hydrocarbon
The hydrocarbon technology of CO 2 captured from atmosphere is established by
Carbon Engineering, an industry in Canada. The industry establishes the air-tofuel systems (A2F) using the CO 2 in atmosphere by direct air capture (DAC) technology. Following three major steps involved in the hydrocarbon synthesis (1) the
CO 2 trapped from air is purified and compressed, (2) water electrolysis using the
R. Arunachalam et al.
The leading company Covestro in Germany produces polyether-polycarbonate
polyols using the CO 2 as the feedstock. The product is commercially known as cardyon™ polyols. The polyols are used for the flexible polyurethane foams for use in
mattresses and furniture using this clean technology [62, 63].
Another company, Novomer Inc., in the USA is involved in the production of
polypropylene carbonate polyols. This several thousand tons commercial scale
company in Houston markets in the trade name Converge
®
polyols contain 50% wt
of CO 2 . The polyols are used enormously in polyurethane production for having
wide applications [62, 63].
Nanyang Zhongju Tianguan Low Carbon Technology in China established the
methodology for the production of biodegradable polypropylene carbonate with
efficient catalysts [62, 63]. The CO 2 from the ethanol synthesis process is used efficiently for polycarbonate synthesis.
2.6.2 Biopolymers
A company named Newlight Technologies in the USA is involved actively in the
production of biodegradable polymers in the commercial name “AirCarbon.” This
polymer contains ≈40 wt% of oxygen from air and 60 wt% carbon and hydrogen
from captured emissions. This process involves three steps: the first stage involves
the insertion of the concentrated methane or carbon dioxide to the reactor. Secondly,
the catalyst pulls out the carbon from the CO 2 , which is combined with oxygen and
hydrogen to form a biodegradable long-chain polymer. This high-performance thermoplastic can be used as a substitute for oil-derived plastics [62, 63].
2.6.3 Methanol
The industry named Carbon Recycling International (CRI) has involved in the
process of methanol synthesis using CO 2 from the geothermal power plant, with a
capacity of 5 million L/year methanol production and 5500 tons CO 2 /year recycling
capacity which is otherwise released into the atmosphere. The methanol is distributed in the commercial name Vulcanol™ which is used as a blend component of
gasoline and for further conversion into a diesel substitute. In this process, the H 2
and CO 2 are mixed at 3:1 ratio at optimized temperature and pressure [62, 63].
2.6.4 Hydrocarbon
The hydrocarbon technology of CO 2 captured from atmosphere is established by
Carbon Engineering, an industry in Canada. The industry establishes the air-tofuel systems (A2F) using the CO 2 in atmosphere by direct air capture (DAC) technology. Following three major steps involved in the hydrocarbon synthesis (1) the
CO 2 trapped from air is purified and compressed, (2) water electrolysis using the
R. Arunachalam et al.