547
constants of the steam reforming, dry reforming and the water gas shift reactions
(mol/s  kPa), respectively. K sr , K dr , K wgs are the equilibrium constants for steam
reforming, dry reforming and water gas shift reactions, respectively.
P P P P P
CO
CH
H O
CO
H
,
,
,
,
4
2
2
2
are the partial pressures of CO, CH 4 , H 2 O, CO 2 and H 2 ,
respectively.
The Arrhenius expression for the forward rate constants is given as follows:
k
RT
1
85 77
74 72
=
-
æ
è
ç
ö
ø
÷
. exp
.
(4)
k
RT
2
70 99
77 82
=
-
æ
è
ç
ö
ø
÷
. exp
.
(5)
k
RT
3
149 92
54 26
=
-
æ
è
ç
ö
ø
÷
. exp
.
(6)
where R is the universal gas constant (kJmol
−1
 K
−1
) and T is temperature (K).
The equilibrium constants can be estimated as follows:
K
T
sr =
´
-
æ
è
ç
ö
ø
÷
1 198 10
26830
17
.
e xp
(7)
K
RT
dr =
´
-
æ
è
ç
ö
ø
÷
6 780 10
31230
18
.
e xp
(8)
K
T
sr =
-
æ
è
ç
ö
ø
÷
10
2078 2 029
.
(9)
where T is temperature (K).
Clearly, future research is needed to further elucidate the kinetics of tri- reforming.
The oxidation, coke formation and removal reactions should be considered. And a
more appropriate Hougen–Watson kinetic model for heterogeneous reactions can be
adapted.
Applications for reforming processes for CO 2 utilization is not limited to the
earth. The Martian atmosphere is predominantly CO 2 . In the next section, a futuristic potential application for reforming with CO 2 in Mars is discussed.
4 Potential for CO 2 Reforming in Extra-Terrestrial
Space: Mars
The exploration of outer space is now being extended to create habitation on the
Moon and other nearby planets such as Mars. In addition to the adventures of exploration, many of these outer space bodies are rich in resources. In addition to sustaining humans in these environments, technological innovations can be used to produce
Synthesis of Novel Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Products of Value