30
24. Liu H, Yin C, Li X, Chai Y, Li Y, Liu C (2017) Effect of NiMo phases on the hydrodesulfurization activities of dibenzothiophene. Catal Today 282:222–229
25. Nie H, Li H, Yang Q, Li D (2018) Effect of structure and stability of active phase on catalytic
performance of hydrotreating catalysts. Catal Today 316:13–20
26. Herbst K, Brorson M, Carlsson A (2010) Hydrotreating activities of alumina-supported bimetallic catalysts derived from noble metal containing molecular sulfide clusters Mo 3 S 4 M’ (M’ =
Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt). J Mol Catal A Chem 325:1–7
27. Huang T, Xu J, Yu F (2018) Effects of concentration and microstructure of active phases on
the selective hydrodesulfurization performance of sulfided CoMo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Appl Catal
B Environ 220:42–56
28. Grønborg SS, Salazar N, Bruix A, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Thomsen SD, Hammer B, Lauritsen
JV (2018) Visualizing hydrogen-induced reshaping and edge activation in MoS 2 and copromoted MoS 2 catalyst clusters. Nat Commun 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467- 018- 04615- 9
29. Li S, Liu Y, Feng X, Chen X, Yang C (2019) Insights into the reaction pathway of thiophene
hydrodesulfurization over corner site of MoS 2 catalyst: a density functional theory study. Mol
Catal 463:45–53
30. Oyama ST (1992) Preparation and catalytic properties of transition metal carbides and nitrides.
Catal Today 15:179–200
31. Isoda T, Nagao S, Korai Y, Mochida I (1996a) HDS reactivity of alkldibenzothiophenes in gas
oil. 1. Acid assisted desulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene through isomerization
and cracking. ACS Div Petrol Chem 41:559–562
32. Bataille F, Lemberton JL, Pérot G, Leyrit P, Cseri T, Marchal N, Kasztelan S (2001) Sulfided
Mo and CoMo supported on zeolite as hydrodesulfurization catalysts: transformation of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. Appl Catal A Gen 220:191–205
33. Pérot G (2003) Hydrotreating catalysts containing zeolites and related materials-mechanistic
aspects related to deep desulfurization. Catal Today 86(1–4):111–128
34. Ramirez J, Sanchez-Minero F (2008) Support effects in the hydrotreatment of model molecules. Catal Today 130:267–271
35. Isoda T, Nagao S, Korai Y, Mochida I (1996b) HDS reactivity of alkldibenzothiophenes in gas
oil. 2. HDS activity of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene and its reaction pathway over Ni loaded
Y-Zeolite and CoMo/Al 2 O 3 . ACS Div Petrol Chem 41:563–573
36. Isoda T, Nagao S, Ma X, Yozo Korai A, Mochida I (1996c) Hydrodesulfurization pathway of
4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene through isomerization over Y-zeolite containing CoMo/Al2O3
catalyst. Energy Fuel 10(5):1078–1082
37. Pawelec B, Mariscal R, Navarro RM, Bokhorst SV, Rojas S, Fierro JLG (2002) Hydrogenation
of aromatics over supported Pt-Pd catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 225(1–2):223–237
38. Tanga T, Yina C, Wanga L, Jia Y, Xiao FS (2008) Good sulfur tolerance of a mesoporous
beta zeolite-supported palladium catalyst in the deep hydrogenation of aromatics. J Catalogue
257(1):125–133
39. Sun Y, Wang H, Prins R (2010) Hydrodesulfurization with classic co–MoS2 and Ni–MoS2/γ- -
Al2O3 and new Pt–Pd on mesoporous zeolite catalysts. Catal Today 150(3–4):213–217
40. Ramirez J, Ruiz-Ramirez L, Cedeno L, Harle V, Vrinat M, Breysse M (1993) Titaniaalumina mixed oxides as supports for molybdenum hydrotreating catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen
93:163–180
41. Breysse M, Afanasiev P, Geantet C, Vrinat M (2003) Overview of support effects in hydrotreating catalysts. Catal Today 86:5–16
42. Muralidhar G, Srinivas BN, Rana MS, Kumar M, Maity SK (2003) Mixed oxide supported
hydrodesulfurization catalysts – a review. Catal Today 86:45–60
43. Ramírez J, Cedeño L, Busca G (1999) The role of titania support in Mo-based hydrodesulfurization catalysts. J Catal 184:59–67
44. Silva-Rodrigo R, Calderón-Salas C, Melo-Banda JA, Domínguez JM, Vázquez-Rodríguez A
(2004) Synthesis, characterization and comparison of catalytic properties of NiMo- and NiW/
Ti-MCM-41 catalysts for HDS of thiophene and HVGO. Catal Today 98:123–129
G. Valavarasu and B. Ramachandrarao
24. Liu H, Yin C, Li X, Chai Y, Li Y, Liu C (2017) Effect of NiMo phases on the hydrodesulfurization activities of dibenzothiophene. Catal Today 282:222–229
25. Nie H, Li H, Yang Q, Li D (2018) Effect of structure and stability of active phase on catalytic
performance of hydrotreating catalysts. Catal Today 316:13–20
26. Herbst K, Brorson M, Carlsson A (2010) Hydrotreating activities of alumina-supported bimetallic catalysts derived from noble metal containing molecular sulfide clusters Mo 3 S 4 M’ (M’ =
Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt). J Mol Catal A Chem 325:1–7
27. Huang T, Xu J, Yu F (2018) Effects of concentration and microstructure of active phases on
the selective hydrodesulfurization performance of sulfided CoMo/Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Appl Catal
B Environ 220:42–56
28. Grønborg SS, Salazar N, Bruix A, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Thomsen SD, Hammer B, Lauritsen
JV (2018) Visualizing hydrogen-induced reshaping and edge activation in MoS 2 and copromoted MoS 2 catalyst clusters. Nat Commun 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467- 018- 04615- 9
29. Li S, Liu Y, Feng X, Chen X, Yang C (2019) Insights into the reaction pathway of thiophene
hydrodesulfurization over corner site of MoS 2 catalyst: a density functional theory study. Mol
Catal 463:45–53
30. Oyama ST (1992) Preparation and catalytic properties of transition metal carbides and nitrides.
Catal Today 15:179–200
31. Isoda T, Nagao S, Korai Y, Mochida I (1996a) HDS reactivity of alkldibenzothiophenes in gas
oil. 1. Acid assisted desulfurization of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene through isomerization
and cracking. ACS Div Petrol Chem 41:559–562
32. Bataille F, Lemberton JL, Pérot G, Leyrit P, Cseri T, Marchal N, Kasztelan S (2001) Sulfided
Mo and CoMo supported on zeolite as hydrodesulfurization catalysts: transformation of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene. Appl Catal A Gen 220:191–205
33. Pérot G (2003) Hydrotreating catalysts containing zeolites and related materials-mechanistic
aspects related to deep desulfurization. Catal Today 86(1–4):111–128
34. Ramirez J, Sanchez-Minero F (2008) Support effects in the hydrotreatment of model molecules. Catal Today 130:267–271
35. Isoda T, Nagao S, Korai Y, Mochida I (1996b) HDS reactivity of alkldibenzothiophenes in gas
oil. 2. HDS activity of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene and its reaction pathway over Ni loaded
Y-Zeolite and CoMo/Al 2 O 3 . ACS Div Petrol Chem 41:563–573
36. Isoda T, Nagao S, Ma X, Yozo Korai A, Mochida I (1996c) Hydrodesulfurization pathway of
4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene through isomerization over Y-zeolite containing CoMo/Al2O3
catalyst. Energy Fuel 10(5):1078–1082
37. Pawelec B, Mariscal R, Navarro RM, Bokhorst SV, Rojas S, Fierro JLG (2002) Hydrogenation
of aromatics over supported Pt-Pd catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 225(1–2):223–237
38. Tanga T, Yina C, Wanga L, Jia Y, Xiao FS (2008) Good sulfur tolerance of a mesoporous
beta zeolite-supported palladium catalyst in the deep hydrogenation of aromatics. J Catalogue
257(1):125–133
39. Sun Y, Wang H, Prins R (2010) Hydrodesulfurization with classic co–MoS2 and Ni–MoS2/γ- -
Al2O3 and new Pt–Pd on mesoporous zeolite catalysts. Catal Today 150(3–4):213–217
40. Ramirez J, Ruiz-Ramirez L, Cedeno L, Harle V, Vrinat M, Breysse M (1993) Titaniaalumina mixed oxides as supports for molybdenum hydrotreating catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen
93:163–180
41. Breysse M, Afanasiev P, Geantet C, Vrinat M (2003) Overview of support effects in hydrotreating catalysts. Catal Today 86:5–16
42. Muralidhar G, Srinivas BN, Rana MS, Kumar M, Maity SK (2003) Mixed oxide supported
hydrodesulfurization catalysts – a review. Catal Today 86:45–60
43. Ramírez J, Cedeño L, Busca G (1999) The role of titania support in Mo-based hydrodesulfurization catalysts. J Catal 184:59–67
44. Silva-Rodrigo R, Calderón-Salas C, Melo-Banda JA, Domínguez JM, Vázquez-Rodríguez A
(2004) Synthesis, characterization and comparison of catalytic properties of NiMo- and NiW/
Ti-MCM-41 catalysts for HDS of thiophene and HVGO. Catal Today 98:123–129
G. Valavarasu and B. Ramachandrarao