319
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. K. Pant et al. (eds.), Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental
Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65021-6_9
Flue Gas Treatment via Dry Reforming
of Methane
Satyam Gupta, Neeraj Koshta, Raghvendra Singh, and Goutam Deo
Abstract Flue gas emission from coal-fired power plants is a major pollutant having constituents, which have a significant role in global warming. Currently, processes to sequester carbon dioxide from flue gas are not cost-effective. Thus, there
is a need to develop an alternative process where we can utilize CO 2 in flue gas,
producing useful energy-containing or petrochemical products. Dry reforming of
methane is one such process in which carbon dioxide can be used. Carbon dioxide
serves as an oxidizer of methane, producing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon
monoxide. Water is also a product. However, at present, this process has several
challenges. The challenges include improving the H 2 /CO ratio and decreasing
catalyst coking. This is especially true for low-cost catalysts. Coking and H 2 /CO
ratios in the product are thermodynamically inter-related thus bringing kinetics and
aspects of catalyst design into the equation to achieve economically desirable
H 2 /CO ratios, while not having forbidden rates of carbon deposition. Here, we discuss the thermodynamic and kinetic aspect of this reaction to achieve a low rate of
carbon deposition. Further, we discuss various aspects of catalyst design and process changes to achieve low carbon deposition. We also discuss current kinetic models of this reaction and compare them since the kinetics will have an effect on reactor
design. Finally, we conclude this chapter by discussing various constraints currently
faced towards the industrial use of dry reforming of methane using flue gas and
suggest remedial steps.
Keywords Dry reforming · Tri reforming · Alleviate coking · Eley-Rideal model ·
Bradford mechanism · Tsipouriari mechanism
S. Gupta · N. Koshta · R. Singh (*) · G. Deo (*)
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
e-mail: goutam@iitk.ac.in; raghvend@iitk.ac.in
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
K. K. Pant et al. (eds.), Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental
Sustainability, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65021-6_9
Flue Gas Treatment via Dry Reforming
of Methane
Satyam Gupta, Neeraj Koshta, Raghvendra Singh, and Goutam Deo
Abstract Flue gas emission from coal-fired power plants is a major pollutant having constituents, which have a significant role in global warming. Currently, processes to sequester carbon dioxide from flue gas are not cost-effective. Thus, there
is a need to develop an alternative process where we can utilize CO 2 in flue gas,
producing useful energy-containing or petrochemical products. Dry reforming of
methane is one such process in which carbon dioxide can be used. Carbon dioxide
serves as an oxidizer of methane, producing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon
monoxide. Water is also a product. However, at present, this process has several
challenges. The challenges include improving the H 2 /CO ratio and decreasing
catalyst coking. This is especially true for low-cost catalysts. Coking and H 2 /CO
ratios in the product are thermodynamically inter-related thus bringing kinetics and
aspects of catalyst design into the equation to achieve economically desirable
H 2 /CO ratios, while not having forbidden rates of carbon deposition. Here, we discuss the thermodynamic and kinetic aspect of this reaction to achieve a low rate of
carbon deposition. Further, we discuss various aspects of catalyst design and process changes to achieve low carbon deposition. We also discuss current kinetic models of this reaction and compare them since the kinetics will have an effect on reactor
design. Finally, we conclude this chapter by discussing various constraints currently
faced towards the industrial use of dry reforming of methane using flue gas and
suggest remedial steps.
Keywords Dry reforming · Tri reforming · Alleviate coking · Eley-Rideal model ·
Bradford mechanism · Tsipouriari mechanism
S. Gupta · N. Koshta · R. Singh (*) · G. Deo (*)
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
e-mail: goutam@iitk.ac.in; raghvend@iitk.ac.in