304
9 Conclusions
The development of greener methodologies for the access of organic scaffolds has
been considerably focused by the modern organic chemistry over the last decades.
Also, C–H functionalization technique has been considered as a sustainable
approach with the potential to replace traditional organic conversions for the access
of complex organic scaffolds. In this context, protocols combining the advantages
of greener methodologies and C–H activation strategy appear very attractive, as
these approaches offer more sustainable alternatives to conventional organic transformations. This chapter demonstrated the development of greener methodologies
for C–H activation reactions which include use of greener solvents, microwave irradiation, photocatalysis, homogeneous recyclable catalytic systems, heterogeneous
catalysts, oxidizing directing groups, electrochemical methods, etc. during the past
few years. The book chapter highlighted selective most fascinating and inspiriting
examples of greener methodologies in C–H functionalization protocols. These
methodologies attempted to resolve the issues of catalyst reusability, reaction media,
time efficiency, energy efficiency, byproducts, requirement of additives as well as
oxidants. The target products are extensively significant in various sectors with
higher commercial value. Respective development of these chemical products is
greatly favourable both economically and ecologically. Moreover, most of the highlighted systems lay the foundation for the initiation of novel viewpoints in the
advancement of methodologies which leads the ‘green chemistry’ principles.
References
1. Clark JH, Luque R, Matharu AS (2012) Green chemistry, biofuels, and biorefinery. Annu Rev
Chem Biomol Eng 3:183
2. Linthorst JA (2010) An overview: origins and development of green chemistry. Found Chem
12(1):55
3. Baron M (2012) Towards a Greener Pharmacy by More Eco Design. Waste and Biomass
Valorization 3:395
4. Richard KH, Concepción JG, Constable DJC, Sarah RA, Graham GAI, Gail F, James S, Steve
PB, Alan DC (2011) Expanding GSK s solvent selection guide—embedding sustainability
into solvent selection starting at medicinal chemistry. Green Chem 13:854
5. Kumar A, Gupta G, Srivastava S (2011) Functional ionic liquid mediated synthesis (FILMS)
of dihydrothiophenes and tacrine derivatives. Green Chem 13:2459
6. Wender PA, Handy ST, Wright DL (1997) Towards the Ideal Synthesis. Chem Ind 19:765
7. Hudlicky T, Natchus MG (1993) In: Hudlicky T (ed) Organic synthesis: theory and applications. Jai Press, Greenwich
8. Wender PA (1996) Introduction: Frontiers in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 96:1
9. Eissen M, Metzger JO (2002) Environmental Performance Metrics for Daily Use in Synthetic
Chemistry. Chem Eur J 8(16):3580
10. Centi G, Perathoner S (2003) Catalysis and sustainable (green) chemistry. Catal Today
77(4):287
11. Anastas P, Eghbali N (2010) Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice. Chem. Soc.
Rev. 39:301
D. S. Deshmukh et al.
9 Conclusions
The development of greener methodologies for the access of organic scaffolds has
been considerably focused by the modern organic chemistry over the last decades.
Also, C–H functionalization technique has been considered as a sustainable
approach with the potential to replace traditional organic conversions for the access
of complex organic scaffolds. In this context, protocols combining the advantages
of greener methodologies and C–H activation strategy appear very attractive, as
these approaches offer more sustainable alternatives to conventional organic transformations. This chapter demonstrated the development of greener methodologies
for C–H activation reactions which include use of greener solvents, microwave irradiation, photocatalysis, homogeneous recyclable catalytic systems, heterogeneous
catalysts, oxidizing directing groups, electrochemical methods, etc. during the past
few years. The book chapter highlighted selective most fascinating and inspiriting
examples of greener methodologies in C–H functionalization protocols. These
methodologies attempted to resolve the issues of catalyst reusability, reaction media,
time efficiency, energy efficiency, byproducts, requirement of additives as well as
oxidants. The target products are extensively significant in various sectors with
higher commercial value. Respective development of these chemical products is
greatly favourable both economically and ecologically. Moreover, most of the highlighted systems lay the foundation for the initiation of novel viewpoints in the
advancement of methodologies which leads the ‘green chemistry’ principles.
References
1. Clark JH, Luque R, Matharu AS (2012) Green chemistry, biofuels, and biorefinery. Annu Rev
Chem Biomol Eng 3:183
2. Linthorst JA (2010) An overview: origins and development of green chemistry. Found Chem
12(1):55
3. Baron M (2012) Towards a Greener Pharmacy by More Eco Design. Waste and Biomass
Valorization 3:395
4. Richard KH, Concepción JG, Constable DJC, Sarah RA, Graham GAI, Gail F, James S, Steve
PB, Alan DC (2011) Expanding GSK s solvent selection guide—embedding sustainability
into solvent selection starting at medicinal chemistry. Green Chem 13:854
5. Kumar A, Gupta G, Srivastava S (2011) Functional ionic liquid mediated synthesis (FILMS)
of dihydrothiophenes and tacrine derivatives. Green Chem 13:2459
6. Wender PA, Handy ST, Wright DL (1997) Towards the Ideal Synthesis. Chem Ind 19:765
7. Hudlicky T, Natchus MG (1993) In: Hudlicky T (ed) Organic synthesis: theory and applications. Jai Press, Greenwich
8. Wender PA (1996) Introduction: Frontiers in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 96:1
9. Eissen M, Metzger JO (2002) Environmental Performance Metrics for Daily Use in Synthetic
Chemistry. Chem Eur J 8(16):3580
10. Centi G, Perathoner S (2003) Catalysis and sustainable (green) chemistry. Catal Today
77(4):287
11. Anastas P, Eghbali N (2010) Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice. Chem. Soc.
Rev. 39:301
D. S. Deshmukh et al.