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1 Introduction
Various environmental threats as well as undesired, destructive side effects are
being caused by the development of chemical processes [1]. Natural deposits that
comprise massive quantities of non-renewables drive the existing economy [2] and
economically expended material goes back to the environment by opposite flow [3].
This economy–ecosphere resources flow controls the chemical sustainability issues
[4]. Recently, innovative dimensions were observed in the analysis of resources for
energy and materials. The requirement to change these resources was intensified by
the climate change and impact of carbon dioxide. A definite quantity of fossil
resources will extinct after a certain period of time, suggested by the set theory. In
this regard, the advancement of the technological aspect of a sustainable development has become indispensable [5]. In order to conserve fossil resources and to
control its increasing price, the scientific community has desire to expand the
employment of renewables in the chemical and other fields. Also, methodologies
that favour the synthesis of target-related end-products using simple and easily
accessible precursors in a quick and cost-effective manner are willingly appealed by
modern organic synthesis [6–8].
In chemical field, numerous environmental sensible terminologies were brought
in during 1980s and 1990s, e.g. green chemistry, sustainable chemistry, environmental chemistry, clean chemistry and benign chemistry. However, these terminologies are topic of argument for scientists as these are not well explicated [9, 10]. The
expansion of the perceptions of the concept ‘green chemistry’ [11] has developed
from the ambition of chemists to diminish synthetic steps and the quantity of harmful waste generated, also, additionally, to discover benign and more selective conversions. Green chemistry, as the name implies, delivers the plan and advancement
of consecutive methods that follows a set of assumptions that exclude or minimize
harmful constituents within production, outline as well as employment of chemical
products. It turns out profoundly efficient access for the inhibition of pollution and
hence being one of the central themes of modern organic chemistry [12, 13]. Some
significant green chemistry characteristics comprise (a) lessening the usage of
harmful substances, (b) evolution of harmless reagents and solvents, (c) enhanced
energy efficiency and atom economy of reactions, (d) investigating new multicomponent reactions to reduce the reaction steps in a synthesis procedure, (e) lessening harmful waste generation, and (f) evolution of recyclable reagents and
catalysts.
Following the green chemistry principles, synthetic chemists are taking efforts
for the advancement of milder and selective reagents that necessitate ambient conditions. One of the major considerations associated with them is the exclusion of
harmful solvents. Curtailing the usage of such solvents as well as energy utilization
is one of the most crucial barriers in evolving greener methodologies. Organic synthesis with metal scavengers, solid-supported reagents, catalysts, microwavestrategy, electrochemical synthesis, reusable catalytic systems, oxidant-free
conditions, and green solvents efficiently fulfils several above principles of green
D. S. Deshmukh et al.
1 Introduction
Various environmental threats as well as undesired, destructive side effects are
being caused by the development of chemical processes [1]. Natural deposits that
comprise massive quantities of non-renewables drive the existing economy [2] and
economically expended material goes back to the environment by opposite flow [3].
This economy–ecosphere resources flow controls the chemical sustainability issues
[4]. Recently, innovative dimensions were observed in the analysis of resources for
energy and materials. The requirement to change these resources was intensified by
the climate change and impact of carbon dioxide. A definite quantity of fossil
resources will extinct after a certain period of time, suggested by the set theory. In
this regard, the advancement of the technological aspect of a sustainable development has become indispensable [5]. In order to conserve fossil resources and to
control its increasing price, the scientific community has desire to expand the
employment of renewables in the chemical and other fields. Also, methodologies
that favour the synthesis of target-related end-products using simple and easily
accessible precursors in a quick and cost-effective manner are willingly appealed by
modern organic synthesis [6–8].
In chemical field, numerous environmental sensible terminologies were brought
in during 1980s and 1990s, e.g. green chemistry, sustainable chemistry, environmental chemistry, clean chemistry and benign chemistry. However, these terminologies are topic of argument for scientists as these are not well explicated [9, 10]. The
expansion of the perceptions of the concept ‘green chemistry’ [11] has developed
from the ambition of chemists to diminish synthetic steps and the quantity of harmful waste generated, also, additionally, to discover benign and more selective conversions. Green chemistry, as the name implies, delivers the plan and advancement
of consecutive methods that follows a set of assumptions that exclude or minimize
harmful constituents within production, outline as well as employment of chemical
products. It turns out profoundly efficient access for the inhibition of pollution and
hence being one of the central themes of modern organic chemistry [12, 13]. Some
significant green chemistry characteristics comprise (a) lessening the usage of
harmful substances, (b) evolution of harmless reagents and solvents, (c) enhanced
energy efficiency and atom economy of reactions, (d) investigating new multicomponent reactions to reduce the reaction steps in a synthesis procedure, (e) lessening harmful waste generation, and (f) evolution of recyclable reagents and
catalysts.
Following the green chemistry principles, synthetic chemists are taking efforts
for the advancement of milder and selective reagents that necessitate ambient conditions. One of the major considerations associated with them is the exclusion of
harmful solvents. Curtailing the usage of such solvents as well as energy utilization
is one of the most crucial barriers in evolving greener methodologies. Organic synthesis with metal scavengers, solid-supported reagents, catalysts, microwavestrategy, electrochemical synthesis, reusable catalytic systems, oxidant-free
conditions, and green solvents efficiently fulfils several above principles of green
D. S. Deshmukh et al.