251
38. Zhang Y, Wang D, Fei J, Zheng X (2002) Effect of Cr addition on the methane aromatization performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst. Aust J Chem 55:531–534. https://doi.
org/10.1071/CH01170
39. Kubota T, Oshima N, Nakahara Y, Yanagimoto M, Okamoto Y (2006) XAFS characterization
of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts for methane conversion to benzene: effect of additives. J Jpn Petrol
Inst 49:127. https://doi.org/10.1627/jpi.49.127
40. Shu Y, Xu Y, Wong S-T, Wang L, Guo X (1997) Promotional effect of Ru on the dehydrogenation and aromatization of methane in the absence of oxygen over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts. J
Catal 170:11–19. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1997.1726
41. Sridhar A, Rahman M, Molina AI, Wylie BJ, Borcik CG, Khatib SJ (2020) Bimetallic Mo-Co/
ZSM-5 and Mo-Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts for methane dehydroaromatization: a study of the effect
of pretreatment and metal loadings on the catalytic behaviour. Appl Catal A Gen 589:117247.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.117247
42. Aboul-Gheit AK, Awadallah AE, Aboul-Enein AA, Mahmoud A-LH (2011) Molybdenum
substitution by copper or zinc in H-ZSM-5 zeolite for catalyzing the direct conversion of natural gas to petrochemicals under non-oxidative conditions. Fuel 90:3040–3046. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.05.010
43. Abdelsayed V, Shekhawat D, Smith MW (2015) Effect of Fe and Zn promoters on Mo/HZSM-5
catalyst for methane dehydroaromatization. Fuel 139:401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuel.2014.08.064
44. Wang D, Lunsford JH, Rosynek MP (1997) Characterization of a Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst
for the conversion of methane to benzene. J Catal 169:347–358. https://doi.org/10.1006/
jcat.1997.1712
45. Mishra S, Balyan S, Pant KK, Haider MA (2017) Non-oxidative conversion of methane into
higher hydrocarbons over Mo/MCM-22 catalyst. J Chem Sci 129:1705–1711. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s12039- 017- 1374- 3
46. Wang L, Xu Y, Wong S-T, Cui W, Guo X (1997) Activity and stability enhancement of
MoHZSM-5-based catalysts for methane non-oxidative transformation to aromatics and C 2
hydrocarbons: effect of additives and pretreatment conditions. Appl Catal A 152:173–182.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926- 860X(96)00366- 3
47. Chu N, Yang J, Wang J, Yu S, Lu J, Zhang Y, Yin D (2010) A feasible way to enhance effectively
the catalytic performance of methane dehydroaromatization. Catal Commun 11:513–517.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2009.12.004
48. Bouchy C, Schmidt I, Anderson JR, Jacobsen CJH, Derouane EG, Hamid SBDA (2000)
Metastable fcc α-MoC 1−x supported on HZSM5: preparation and catalytic performance for the
non-oxidative conversion of methane to aromatic compounds. J Mol Catal A 163:283–296.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381- 1169(00)00392- 7
49. Iliuta MC, Iliuta I, Grandjean BPA, Larachi F (2003) Kinetics of methane nonoxidative aromatization over Ru-Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 42:3203–3209. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ie030044r
50. Zhao K, Jia L, Wang J, Hou B, Li D (2019) The influence of the Si/Al ratio of Mo/HZSM-5
on methane non-oxidative dehydroaromatization. New J Chem 43:4130–4136. https://doi.
org/10.1039/C9NJ00114J
51. Wang D, Lunsford JH, Rosynek MP (1996) Catalytic conversion of methane to benzene over
Mo/ZSM-5. Top Catal 3:289–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02113855.pdf
52. Zheng H, Ma D, Bao X, Hu JZ, Kwak JH, Wang Y, Peden CHF (2008) Direct observation of
the active center for methane dehydroaromatization using an ultrahigh field
95 Mo NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 130:3722–3723. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja7110916
53. González IL, Oord R, Rovezzi M, Glatzel P, Botchway SW, Weckhuysen BM, Beale AM
(2016) Molybdenum speciation and its impact on catalytic activity during methane dehydroaromatization in zeolite ZSM-5 as revealed by operando X-ray methods. Angew Chemie
Int Ed 55:5215–5219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201601357
Thermocatalytic Conversion of Natural Gas to Petrochemical Feedstocks…
38. Zhang Y, Wang D, Fei J, Zheng X (2002) Effect of Cr addition on the methane aromatization performance of the Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst. Aust J Chem 55:531–534. https://doi.
org/10.1071/CH01170
39. Kubota T, Oshima N, Nakahara Y, Yanagimoto M, Okamoto Y (2006) XAFS characterization
of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts for methane conversion to benzene: effect of additives. J Jpn Petrol
Inst 49:127. https://doi.org/10.1627/jpi.49.127
40. Shu Y, Xu Y, Wong S-T, Wang L, Guo X (1997) Promotional effect of Ru on the dehydrogenation and aromatization of methane in the absence of oxygen over Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts. J
Catal 170:11–19. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1997.1726
41. Sridhar A, Rahman M, Molina AI, Wylie BJ, Borcik CG, Khatib SJ (2020) Bimetallic Mo-Co/
ZSM-5 and Mo-Ni/ZSM-5 catalysts for methane dehydroaromatization: a study of the effect
of pretreatment and metal loadings on the catalytic behaviour. Appl Catal A Gen 589:117247.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.117247
42. Aboul-Gheit AK, Awadallah AE, Aboul-Enein AA, Mahmoud A-LH (2011) Molybdenum
substitution by copper or zinc in H-ZSM-5 zeolite for catalyzing the direct conversion of natural gas to petrochemicals under non-oxidative conditions. Fuel 90:3040–3046. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.05.010
43. Abdelsayed V, Shekhawat D, Smith MW (2015) Effect of Fe and Zn promoters on Mo/HZSM-5
catalyst for methane dehydroaromatization. Fuel 139:401–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuel.2014.08.064
44. Wang D, Lunsford JH, Rosynek MP (1997) Characterization of a Mo/ZSM-5 catalyst
for the conversion of methane to benzene. J Catal 169:347–358. https://doi.org/10.1006/
jcat.1997.1712
45. Mishra S, Balyan S, Pant KK, Haider MA (2017) Non-oxidative conversion of methane into
higher hydrocarbons over Mo/MCM-22 catalyst. J Chem Sci 129:1705–1711. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s12039- 017- 1374- 3
46. Wang L, Xu Y, Wong S-T, Cui W, Guo X (1997) Activity and stability enhancement of
MoHZSM-5-based catalysts for methane non-oxidative transformation to aromatics and C 2
hydrocarbons: effect of additives and pretreatment conditions. Appl Catal A 152:173–182.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926- 860X(96)00366- 3
47. Chu N, Yang J, Wang J, Yu S, Lu J, Zhang Y, Yin D (2010) A feasible way to enhance effectively
the catalytic performance of methane dehydroaromatization. Catal Commun 11:513–517.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2009.12.004
48. Bouchy C, Schmidt I, Anderson JR, Jacobsen CJH, Derouane EG, Hamid SBDA (2000)
Metastable fcc α-MoC 1−x supported on HZSM5: preparation and catalytic performance for the
non-oxidative conversion of methane to aromatic compounds. J Mol Catal A 163:283–296.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1381- 1169(00)00392- 7
49. Iliuta MC, Iliuta I, Grandjean BPA, Larachi F (2003) Kinetics of methane nonoxidative aromatization over Ru-Mo/HZSM-5 catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 42:3203–3209. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ie030044r
50. Zhao K, Jia L, Wang J, Hou B, Li D (2019) The influence of the Si/Al ratio of Mo/HZSM-5
on methane non-oxidative dehydroaromatization. New J Chem 43:4130–4136. https://doi.
org/10.1039/C9NJ00114J
51. Wang D, Lunsford JH, Rosynek MP (1996) Catalytic conversion of methane to benzene over
Mo/ZSM-5. Top Catal 3:289–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02113855.pdf
52. Zheng H, Ma D, Bao X, Hu JZ, Kwak JH, Wang Y, Peden CHF (2008) Direct observation of
the active center for methane dehydroaromatization using an ultrahigh field
95 Mo NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 130:3722–3723. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja7110916
53. González IL, Oord R, Rovezzi M, Glatzel P, Botchway SW, Weckhuysen BM, Beale AM
(2016) Molybdenum speciation and its impact on catalytic activity during methane dehydroaromatization in zeolite ZSM-5 as revealed by operando X-ray methods. Angew Chemie
Int Ed 55:5215–5219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201601357
Thermocatalytic Conversion of Natural Gas to Petrochemical Feedstocks…